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GCSE Combined Science: The Heart
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set of notes describing the placement and function of the human heart.
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BiologyThe The wall of the left ventricle is
much thicker than that of the
right ventricle as it has to pump
blood at high pressure around
the entire body, whereas the
right ventricle is pumping blood
at lower pressure to
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart via
the vena cava, emptying into the right atrium
Blood flows down through a set of
atrioventricular valves into the right ventricle
When the ventricles contract, blood travels
up through the pulmonary artery to the
nearby lungs where gas exchange occurs
(and the blood becomes oxygenated)
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via
the pulmonary vein, emptying into the left
atrium
Blood flows down through a set of
The human heart is part of a double
circulatory system
The circulatory system is a system of
blood vessels with a pump (the heart) and
valves that maintain a one-way flow of
blood around the body
The heart has four chambers separated
into two halves:
The walls of the ventricles are much thicker than those of the atria as they are
o The right side of the heart responsible for pumping blood out of the heart and so need to generate a higher
pumps blood to the lungs pressure.
for gas exchange (this is
the pulmonary circuit)
The pulmonary artery is the only artery of the body to
- The natural resting heart carry deoxygenated blood, with the pulmonary vein the
rate is controlled by a
group of cells located in only vein to carry oxygenated blood, in the body.
the right atrium
- These cells form a The heart is a muscular In general, blood flows
structure called into the heart from
the pacemaker organ. Its function is to
pump blood. The right a vein, goes into
- The role of the side pumps blood an atrium, then
pacemaker is through the pulmonary a ventricle, and out
to coordinate the through an artery. The
contraction of the heart circuit, while the left side
heart contains valves
muscle, therefore it pumps blood through
regulates the heart rate to prevent the blood
- Up to a point, the faster
the heart contracts, the Superior vena cava is a large vein that carries
more quickly
oxygenated blood can deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the
be delivered around the
body
upper parts of the body whereas the inferior vena
- When a person is at rest,
the oxygen demand of cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood
their cells is relatively
low and so a lower heart
rate is maintained from lower parts of the body.
arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins
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