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Samenvatting pathologie II
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Samenvatting pathologie II 2e bachelor ergotherapie Odisee Brussel Cursus, handboek & ppt's
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Inhoudsopgave1. Aandoeningen van het zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................... 5
1.1. Het zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2. Aandoeningen van het perifeer zenuwstelsel: ..................................................................................... 6
1.2. Multiple sclerose (MS) .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.3. Spina bifida (=open rug) ..................................................................................................................... 10
1.4. Cerebrale circulatiestoornissen .......................................................................................................... 11
1.5. Commotio cerebri (=hersenschudding) .............................................................................................. 13
1.6. Migraine ............................................................................................................................................. 13
1.7. Epilepsie ............................................................................................................................................. 14
2. Aandoeningen van de zintuigen ............................................................................................................ 16
2.1. Anopsie ............................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2. De optische/ visuele baan .................................................................................................................. 17
2.3. Rol van ergotherapeut ....................................................................................................................... 17
3. Aandoeningen bewegingsstelsel ........................................................................................................... 18
3.1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 18
3.2. Standardafwijkingen onderste ledematen ......................................................................................... 18
3.3. Chronische schouderpijn .................................................................................................................... 21
3.4. Ziekte van Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) .................................................................................................. 23
3.5. Meniscusletsel .................................................................................................................................... 23
3.6. Hallux valgus ...................................................................................................................................... 24
3.7. Ziekte van Bechterew ......................................................................................................................... 24
3.8. Fracturen ............................................................................................................................................ 24
4. Aandoeningen van het spijsverteringsstelsel ........................................................................................ 25
4.1. Bacterieflora ....................................................................................................................................... 25
4.2. Buikklachten ....................................................................................................................................... 25
4.3. Onderzoeksmethoden ........................................................................................................................ 25
4.4. Aandoeningen van de mond .............................................................................................................. 26
4.5. Aandoeningen van de slokdarm ......................................................................................................... 27
4.6. Aandoeningen van de maag .............................................................................................................. 27
4.7. Aandoeningen van de dunne darm .................................................................................................... 28
4.8. Aandoeningen van het colon.............................................................................................................. 29
4.9. Afwijkingen van de anus .................................................................................................................... 31
4.10. Appendicitis ........................................................................................................................................ 31
4.11. Hernia ................................................................................................................................................. 32
, 4.12. Aandoeningen van de pancreas ......................................................................................................... 32
4.13. Vasculaire buikaandoeningen ............................................................................................................ 32
4.14. Aandoeningen van de lever en galwegen .......................................................................................... 33
5. Aandoeningen van het bloed en bloedbereidende organen .................................................................. 34
5.1. Vorming van bloedcellen .................................................................................................................... 34
5.2. Bloedonderzoek .................................................................................................................................. 34
5.3. Aandoening van de erytrocyten ......................................................................................................... 35
5.4. Aandoening van de leukocyten .......................................................................................................... 36
5.5. Aandoening van de trombocyten ....................................................................................................... 37
5.6. Ziekte van Hodgkin ............................................................................................................................. 38
5.7. Paramedici ......................................................................................................................................... 38
6. Aandoeningen van het hart................................................................................................................... 39
6.1. Anatomie ............................................................................................................................................ 40
6.2. Elektrische stroom in het hart ............................................................................................................ 40
6.3. Elektrocardiogram ............................................................................................................................. 41
6.4. Symptomen in de cardiologie ............................................................................................................. 42
- Pijn: ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
- Dyspnoe: ................................................................................................................................................. 42
6.5. Diagnose stellen in de cardiologie...................................................................................................... 44
6.6. Indeling hartziekten ........................................................................................................................... 45
6.7. Behandeling hartziekten .................................................................................................................... 49
6.8. Cardiopulmonaire reanimatie in de geriatie? .................................................................................... 50
6.9. Rol van de ergotherapeut bij hartaandoeningen ............................................................................... 50
7. Aandoeningen van de bloedvaten ......................................................................................................... 51
7.1. Aandoeningen van de arteriën ........................................................................................................... 51
7.1.1. Atherosclerose .............................................................................................................................. 51
7.2. Onderzoek van arteriën ...................................................................................................................... 51
7.3. Behandeling van arteriën ................................................................................................................... 52
7.4. Aandoeningen van de venen .............................................................................................................. 52
7.5. Bloeddruk ........................................................................................................................................... 53
7.6. Hypertensie ........................................................................................................................................ 53
7.7. Hypotensie ......................................................................................................................................... 54
8. Aandoeningen van het ademhalingsstelsel ........................................................................................... 56
8.1. Hyperventilatie(syndroom) ................................................................................................................ 56
8.2. Hypoventilatie .................................................................................................................................... 57
8.3. Longemfyseem ................................................................................................................................... 57
8.4. Longembolie ....................................................................................................................................... 57
, 8.5. Diffusiestoonis .................................................................................................................................... 57
8.6. Perfusiestoornis .................................................................................................................................. 57
8.7. Onderzoek van de longen ................................................................................................................... 58
8.7.1. RX .................................................................................................................................................. 58
8.7.2. Percussie en auscultatie ................................................................................................................ 58
8.7.3. Longfunctiedonderzoek ................................................................................................................ 58
8.7.4. Invasief onderzoek ........................................................................................................................ 58
8.7.5. Sputumonderzoek ......................................................................................................................... 58
8.8. Symptomen bij longaandoeningen .................................................................................................... 59
8.8.1. Hoesten ......................................................................................................................................... 59
8.8.2. Haemoptoe.................................................................................................................................... 59
8.8.3. Pijn in de borst .............................................................................................................................. 59
8.8.4. Dyspnoe......................................................................................................................................... 59
8.8.5. Wheezing ....................................................................................................................................... 59
8.8.6. Stridor............................................................................................................................................ 59
8.9. Aandoeningen van de luchtwegen en longen .................................................................................... 60
8.9.1. Tracheobronchitis ......................................................................................................................... 60
8.9.2. Pneumonie .................................................................................................................................... 60
8.9.3. Tuberculose (TBC) ......................................................................................................................... 61
8.9.4. Pneumothorax ............................................................................................................................... 61
8.9.5. Longcarcinoom .............................................................................................................................. 61
8.9.6. CARA= Chronische Aspecifieke Respiratoire Aandoeningen ......................................................... 62
8.9.7. Astma ............................................................................................................................................ 62
8.9.8. Respiratoire insuficiëntie .............................................................................................................. 62
9. Aandoeningen van nieren en urinewegen ............................................................................................. 64
9.1. Functies urinair stelsel ........................................................................................................................ 64
9.2. Nierinsufficiëntie ................................................................................................................................ 64
9.2.1. Acute nierinsufficiëntie ................................................................................................................. 65
9.3. Speciële pathologie van de nieren ...................................................................................................... 65
9.3.1. Glomerulonephritis ....................................................................................................................... 65
9.3.2. Toxische nefropathie ..................................................................................................................... 65
9.3.3. Cystitis ........................................................................................................................................... 65
9.3.4. Pyelonefritis .................................................................................................................................. 66
9.3.5. Prostaathypertrofie ....................................................................................................................... 66
9.3.6. Prostatitis ...................................................................................................................................... 66
9.3.7. Nierstenen ..................................................................................................................................... 66
9.4. Paramedici ......................................................................................................................................... 66
10. Medische beeldvorming ................................................................................................................... 67
10.1. Algemene principes ............................................................................................................................ 67
10.2. Technieken ......................................................................................................................................... 67
10.3. Gebaseerd op röntgerstraling ............................................................................................................ 67
10.4. Gebaseerd op radioactiviteit .............................................................................................................. 67
10.5. Gebaseerd op straling voor therapie .................................................................................................. 67
10.6. Niet op basis van ioniserende straling ............................................................................................... 68
11. Incontinentie bij ouderen ................................................................................................................. 69
11.1. Anatomie en fysiologie bekkenbodem ............................................................................................... 69
, 11.2. Functies .............................................................................................................................................. 70
11.3. Normale mictie ................................................................................................................................... 70
11.4. Incontinentie ...................................................................................................................................... 70
11.5. Vormen van incontinentie .................................................................................................................. 70
11.5.1. Stress-incontinentie.................................................................................................................. 70
11.5.2. Urgentie-incontinentie ............................................................................................................. 70
11.5.3. Gemengde incontinentie .......................................................................................................... 70
11.6. Symptomen ........................................................................................................................................ 71
11.7. Oorzaken ............................................................................................................................................ 71
11.8. Diagnostiek ........................................................................................................................................ 72
11.9. Behandeling ....................................................................................................................................... 73
12. Aandoeningen van de huid ............................................................................................................... 76
12.1. Mollusca contagiosa .......................................................................................................................... 76
12.1.1. Oorzaak..................................................................................................................................... 76
12.1.2. Evolutie ..................................................................................................................................... 76
12.1.3. Behandeling .............................................................................................................................. 76
12.2. Eczeem ............................................................................................................................................... 76
12.2.1. Oorzaak..................................................................................................................................... 76
12.2.2. Behandeling .............................................................................................................................. 76
12.3. Psoriasis ............................................................................................................................................. 77
12.3.1. Oorzaak..................................................................................................................................... 77
12.3.2. Behandeling .............................................................................................................................. 77
12.4. Hoofdluizen ........................................................................................................................................ 77
12.4.1. Voorkomen ............................................................................................................................... 78
12.4.2. Behandeling .............................................................................................................................. 78
12.4.3. Opgelet ..................................................................................................................................... 78
12.5. Decubitus ........................................................................................................................................... 79
12.5.1. Verhoogd risico ......................................................................................................................... 79
12.5.2. Preventie .................................................................................................................................. 80
12.5.3. Classificatie ............................................................................................................................... 80
12.5.4. Behadeling ................................................................................................................................ 80
13. Brandwonden ..................................................................................................................................... 81
13.1. Psychosociale aspecten bij kinderen ............................................................................................. 81
13.2. Gradaties ....................................................................................................................................... 81
13.3. Behandeling................................................................................................................................... 83
13.4. Rol van de ergotherapeut ............................................................................................................. 83
14. Medicatie ........................................................................................................................................... 84
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