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Samenvatting klinische biologie D1-3 $17.05
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Samenvatting klinische biologie D1-3

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Samenvatting van deel 1 tot 3: Algemene inleiding, Koolhydraten, Lipiden H1-11

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  • June 15, 2021
  • 47
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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Deel 1: Algemene inleiding in de klinische biologie
Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding

1. Definities

- Metabolisme = verzameling v. chem reacties i/e levend organisme met doel het org.
gezond te houden

o Katabolisme: afbraak v. macromoleculen tot bouwstenen & verbranding
ervan -> E genereren
o Anabolisme: bouwstenen w. aaneengeschakeld tot macromoleculen -> E
vereist

è Onderverdeling: metabole paden
o Aaneenschakeling v. chem. reacties met begin- & eindpunt
o Katalyse dr. enzymen

è 2 centrale gegevens:
o Genereren v. voldoende E vr. levensfuncties
o Verzamelen v. bouwstoffen om versleten mol. te vervangen of nieuwe aan te
maken

2. Metabole paden en flux

- Signaalwegen lopen stapsgewijs

o Intermediairen: prod. gevormd bij omzetting v.
begin- nr. eindpunt
o Structuur:
§ Evolutionair bewaard (bij mens & andere levensvormen)
§ Soms slechts i/h deel v/d levende natuur

Metabole flux:
= omloopsnelheid v. mol. dr. een metabool pad

- Foute regeling kan leiden tot ziekte/dysfunctie
- 3 doelen:
1) Leveren v. E (ATP)
2) Leveren v. BS
3) Leveren v. reducerend vermogen (gereduceerd NADPH (zet CO2 om in
glucose))

- ATP: adenosine trifosfaat
- NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fosfaat




1

,3. Katabole en anabole wegen

Katabolisme:

- Chem. E & reducerend vermogen onttrekken aan omgeving
dr. opname & oxidatie v. brandstoffen
- Bv.: oxidatieve fofolysering

- Doel: cellen voorzien v. chem. E

- Fasen:
Fase 1: Glycogenolyse
Fase 2: Beta-oxidatie v. lipiden, glycolyse, aminozuur-afbraak & oxidatieve
decarbolyxering
Fase 3: Krebcyclus
è Volledige verbranding v. acetyl-CoA tot CO2




Anabolisme:

- Mol. produceren nodig vr. het in stand houden, groei & voortplanting v. organismen
- Vereisen ATP & NADPH
- Bv.: synthese v. basen

- Doel: synthese v. nieuwe mol., vertrekkende v. BS

- Vereisten:
o BS : sommigen opgenomen via voeding ->
essentiële voedingsstoffen
o Andere: ATP & NADPH




2

,Thermodynamica:
= studie v/ E, omzetting v. E tss versch. vormen & het vermogen v. E om arbeid te leveren

- 3de wet thermodynamica:

∆G = ∆H – T . ∆S

∆G: (verandering van) vrije energie van Gibbs
∆H: (verandering in) enthalpie
T: absolute temp.
– T . ∆S: (verandering in) entropie x T° (K)


- Entropie (S)
= mate v. wanorde
o ∆S > 0 -> wanorde
o ∆ < 0 -> orde


10J warmte w. opgenomen dr.
koffie -> ruimte verliest 10J warmte




10J warmte w. afgestaan a/d ruimte
-> koffie verliest 10J




- Enthalpie (H)
= verandering in warmte-E wnr. Reagentia w. omgezet
o H > 0 -> endotherme rea.
o H < 0 -> exotherme rea.




3

, - Vrije E v. Gibbs (∆G)
= voorspelt richting v/d rea.
o ∆G > 0 -> endergonische rea. (niet spontaan)
o ∆G < 0 -> exergonische rea. (spontaan)




- Transitietoestand: hoogst energetische toestand
v/h E diagram
- Activeringsenergie (Ea): E versch. tss. begin- &
transitietoestand




è Enzymen houden
alles onder controle

è Enzym bindt aan
katalysator ->
activerings-E daalt




4

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