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Respiratory system summary
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summary of respiratory system for first year university
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Explain the functions of each of the divisions of the respiratory system, linking function tostructure:
There are two divisions of the respiratory system: The conducting portion and the respiratory portion.
The conducting portion:
Provides a route for water loss and heat elimination
Inspired air is humidified and warmed (prevents unnecessary heat loss and alveoli drying
out)- breathing through nose bypasses this
Enhances venous return (chest cavity has lower pressure, thus promotes flow of blood to
chest veins from lower veins
Enables vocalisation
Defends against inhaled foreign matter- hair and mucous
Nose serves as a sense of smell
Paranasal sinuses (function is often debatable, but the following have been suggested):
Aid vocal resonance
Reduce the weight of the skull
Protect intracranial structures
Increase the surface area for additional mucus excretions
Warm and humidify inhaled air
The respiratory portion:
Gaseous exchange (O2 in, CO2 out)
Acid-base balance (control of CO2 exhaled)
Removes, modifies, activates or inactivates various materials that must go through the
pulmonary circulation before returning to the systemic circulation
Questions for group discussion
1. a. What is the main function of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?
The main functions of the conducting portion are filtering, moistening and warming the air and
conducting air towards the lungs.
b. How do the general structures link to the function?
The cilia helps to filter out foreign material. Air hits the concha in the nasal cavity and creates
turbulence, increasing the amount of time that air stays in the nasal cavity which warms and
humidifies the air.
2. a. What is the main function of the respiratory portions of the respiratory tract?
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