Alle hoorcolleges Voedingsonderzoek (keuzevak Gezondheidswetenschappen)
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Course
Voedingsonderzoek (AB_1175)
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Book
Normal and Clinical Nutrition, International Edition
Alle hoorcolleges met handige aantekening van het keuzevak Voedingsonderzoek (jaar 2 en jaar 3 Gezondheidswetenschappen). Het document bevat Nederlandse en Engelse teksten.
1. Carbohydrates: the role of sugar in overweight
2. Klinimetrie: Validiteit en reproduceerbaarheid
3. Lichaamssamenstelling en gezondheid
4. Lipiden en hart- en vaatziekten
5. Voedingsonderzoek in het ziekenhuis
6. Voedselconsumptiemethoden: hoe maak je keuzes?
7. Rol van voeding in gezondheidsbeleid
8. Ondervoeding in ontwikkelingslanden
9. Eiwitmetabolisme
Taal: Engels & Nederlands
, 1
HC1: Carbohydrates: the role of sugar in overweight
Chemist’s view of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates:
● Monosaccharides ‘Sugar’
○ Chemical shorthand
○ Glucose, fructose, galactose
Health effects of Starch and Fibers:
● Heart disease
○ Diet rich in whole grains and soluble fibers lower heart disease risk.
■ Lowering blood pressure.
■ Reducing inflammation.
■ Improving blood lipid.
○ Such diets are low in animal fat.
● Diabetes
○ Soluble fibers delay glucose absorption.
, 2
● Cancer
○ Fiber may protect against colon cancer by binding, diluting and removing
potential cancer-causing agents from the colon.
● Gastrointestinal health
○ High-fiber foods increase stool weight, ease passage, reduce transit time →
prevent and alleviate constipation.
● Weight management
○ High-fiber foods and whole grains deliver less energy per bite (diets are
generally low in fat and added sugars).
○ Fibers absorb water → feeling of fullness.
Sugars: dental caries
● UK, 2013: ⅓ to ½ of the children from 5-15 years had decay in their milk theeth/tooth
decay.
● Bacteria ferment sugars, producing acid.
● Food factors associated with tooth decay
○ Time of food in mouth.
○ Sticky foods.
○ Frequency of sugar consumption.
● Food choices
○ Milk/ cheese.
○ Soft drinks low pH, erode tooth enamel.
Overweight - Key facts
● Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980.
● In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults (39% of adults) aged 18 years and older were
overweight.
● 42 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2013.
● Most of the world’s population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills
more people than underweight.
● Obesity is PREVENTABLE.
Overweight - consequences
● Raised BMI is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as:
○ Cardiovascular diseases.
○ Diabetes.
○ Musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis).
○ Some cancers (endometrial, breast and colon).
Overweight -causes
● More food:
○ Cheaper
○ Nicer
○ Availability
○ Easy to keep, transport, eat
● Less physical activity:
○ Cars
○ Work environment
, 3
○ Labor-saving equipment
→ bevolking meer uit balans..
Sugars and weight management
Why focus on sugary drinks?
● Trends in overweight - intake of sugary drinks.
Focus on sugar
Suiker is een onderdeel van koolhydraten (te veel suiker) wat niet goed is.
Moeten we niet iets met belasting op ongezonde voedingsmiddelen? Of subsidie op
gezonde producten?
Overweight prevalence
Hoe meer suikerhoudende dranken in een land, hoe meer overgewicht er in het land
voorkomt. Maar dit zegt nog niks, andere factoren een rol? Maar geef wel een eerste beeld.
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