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Chapter 12, Health Psychology Summary

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Summary of Chapter 12, Health Psychology, for Theme 9 exam

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  • Chapter 12
  • June 20, 2021
  • 8
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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• Unlikely that anyone can avoid stress
• Some stress is good for us
• More commonly: negative appraisals
◦ Lazarus’s




Coping Defined
• Impacted by Lazarus’s transactional model
• Psychological stress results from an unfavourable person-environment fit
◦ Mismatch between demands and resources

Coping= In order to make it more favourable: either the stressor OR its interpretation need to be altered

• It involves behaviours which arise from the primary and secondary appraisals + the emotions attached to them.
• The appraisal is influenced by the extent to which we perceive the event as interfering with our personal life
goals.

Coping= anything a person does to reduce the impact of a perceived or actual stressor.
◦ Alters/reduces negative emotions
◦ It can target the stressor
◦ Tolerating, reappraising, minimising
◦ Its aim is to achieve adaptation

• Coping will NOT be universally effective or ineffective
◦ It depends on the fit between the situation and the coping
response chosen.

Problem-focused VS Emotion- focused
Approach- oriented VS Avoidance

• Cognitive or behavioural coping
• Active or passive coping




• Primary control coping: acts on the stressor/ emotions elicited by problem/emotion focused coping
• Secondary control coping: efforts to adapt to the stressor
◦ Distraction
◦ Cognitive restructuring
◦ Acceptance
• Disengagement coping: withdraw from the stressor or the emotions elicited
◦ Denial
◦ Avoidance
◦ Wishful thinking

, • Endler and colleagues: 3 dimensions
◦ Emotion- oriented (person oriented strategies: emotional
response, self- preoccupation)
◦ Task- oriented (strategies to solve, minimise or reconceptualise
the problem)
◦ Avoidance- oriented (distraction, social diversion)


Coping styles or strategies

Coping styles: unrelated to the specific context/ stressor
◦ Trait-like forms of coping which people adopt when facing a
potentially difficult situation

Monitoring VS Blunting (a coping style)
◦ Monitoring: threat relevant information is sought out and
processed (asking for information)
◦ Blunting: tendency to avoid/distract from threat information
(by sleeping, daydreaming, engaging in other activities)

• Monitoring is associated with detection and preventive behaviour
• Blunting: less likely to engage in protective behaviour

• In the case of cancer:
◦ Monitors: lower information satisfaction, greater perceived risk,
higher negative effect

Context is important
◦ The coping style should fit the situation



Coping strategies: consider stress a dynamic process

• Passive coping: acceptance, positive reappraisal
• Active, problem-focused
◦ Have been seen to be used simultaneously
=> Coping can include oppositional strategies, at the same time.

• Individual differences affect the choice of coping
strategy (personalities)




Adaptive Coping

Problem- focused, attentional coping

• When there is something that can be done to alter/control the stressor event

Cognitive problem focused coping strategy: focusing on the situation and planning how to deal with it

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