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Différents systèmes d'adaptations aux milieux extrêmes altitude
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5 chapitres du cours d'écophysiologie vie en milieux extrêmes
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EcophysioLa vie en altitude
F.Hervant
Introduction
4 contraintes majeures en altitude :
- Insolation (+4% d’UV/300m + réverbération).
- Baisse de la pression partielle en O2 (hypoxie d’altitude).
- Déshydratation (pH2O vs ventilation).
- Baisse de la température (-0.65°c/100m).
Stress principale/limitant = hypoxie d’altitude
Réserves en O2 faibles !
I. Le manque d’oxygène (=hypoxie) en altitude
Variation de la pO2 avec l’altitude et dans l’organisme
Evolution de la pression partielle en oxygène (atmosphérique) avec l’altitude.
Evolution de spression partielles en oxygène (pO2) intracorporelles
avec l’altitude.
Grosse chutes pour le gaz alvéolaire et les tissus.
Membrane efficace pour une le sang artériel.
Les tissus sont en hypoxie très forte.
II. Effets de l’hypoxie aigue
1. Moyens d’étude
Organismes humains ou rat (meilleur), chien (moins bon).
Eude dans des stations ou des caissons hypobares.
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