Class notes
Summary of Introduction of Philosophy and Ethics
- Course
- Institution
Summary of lectures Introduction of Philosophy and Ethics. With additional pictures.
[Show more]
Seller
Followilonadeweert
Reviews received
Content preview
PHILOSOPHY ANDETHICS
,Inhoud
1. Introduction to Philosophy and Brief History.....................................................................................2
2. Introduction to Philosophy of Science................................................................................................5
3. Introduction to Philosophy of Biology................................................................................................8
4. Introduction to Neurophilosophy.....................................................................................................13
5. Science, values and ethics................................................................................................................14
6. What is ethics? Two ethical theories................................................................................................17
7. Virtue ethics and ‘responsible’ science.............................................................................................19
1
, 1. Introduction to Philosophy and Brief History
What is philosophy?
Thinking human being that thinks about deep questions. There are many reason why to do
philosophy and many ways to do philosophy. Start in wonder (origin) about the world or nature etc.
Also doubt, like doubting about everything (how do I that I can trust my senses etc). Also what is
meaning of science or life etc. Mortality where philosophy starts also (awareness of being a human).
The will to know, intelligence. Very personal. Philosophy is love of humans/ wisdom. “Begeerte naar
wijsheid”.
A Greek invention, which has significantly determined our Western technoscientific culture.
The world we live, is just one model of reality, one particular set of adaptive choices, there are other
ways of thinking, of being, of orienting yourself on the Earth.
Socrates
- Philosophy is not wisdom but a desire or longing [eros] for wisdom. They desire
truth/wisdom. Philosophy is for Socrates more like erotic.
- Socratic (= self-aware) ignorance (self-aware ignorance). The one who seeks to knows.
Wondering, doubting..
- Quest for true knowledge, instead of illusory knowledge [pseudos] and opinions [doxa].
- Philosophy started off as a struggle with the sophists: bluffers those not interested in truth
but in something else (money, power, fame, influence, etc.).
- Philosophy is essential opposed to sophistical.
Socrates: The unexamined life (or the life that does not look critically at itself) is not work living. We
need to question ourselves. Know and take care of thyself. Goal: a good, a true and a beautiful life.
Philosophical questions
Philosophy always asks the ‘what’ questions. What or essence of phenomena:
- What is truth?
o A thought between thinking and reality. About the essence of truth
- What is time?
o Still not sure what time is
- What is space?
- What is matter?
- What is life?
o Important for biologist, what is the essence of life
- What is humanity?
Questioning the implicit presuppositions of our thinking and reasoning, such as
- Our sense are a reliable source of knowledge
- The world (cosmos) is intelligible (can be known, because no-one ever has proved it what
cosmos is)
- The human is a free creature (possesses free will)
The human
Human: rational animal (animal rationale, zoon logon (speak) echon). Every human is a philosopher
by nature?? The human is a being that can be put him- or herself and the world at large in question.
And the human is a creature that wants more than it can do, and that can do more than it may (W.
Wickler).
4 fundamental questions (I. Kant)
- What can I know (science)
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ilonadeweert. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.66. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
56326 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now