Summary IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY- COGNITIVE INTERVIEW
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Memory
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AQA Psychology for A Level Year 1 & AS - Student Book
Comprehensive study notes on AQA Psychology topic of Memory. Can easily be turned into flashcards for effective revision. Includes practice questions at the end of the document.
AQA Psychology AS/A Level - Topic 1: Social Influence
Memory summary notes, aqa a level psychology
AQA A-Level Psychology | A* Student Notes | Social Influence
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Improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony- Cognitive
Interview
Key terms
Cognitive interview (CI)- A method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them
retrieve more accurate memories. It uses four main techniques, all based in well
established psychological knowledge of human memory – report everything,
reinstate the context, reverse the order and change perspective.
The cognitive interview
1- Report everything
- Witnesses are encouraged to include every single detail of the event, even
if it may seem irrelevant or the witness doesn’t seem confident about it.
- Seemingly trivial details may be important, and they may trigger other
important memories.
2- Reinstate the context
- The witness should return to the original crime scene in their mind and
imagine the environment.
→ For example, the weather, what they could see, their emotions etc.
- This is related to context dependent forgetting.
3- Reverse the order
- Events should be recalled in a different chronological order to the original
sequence.
→ For example, backwards or from the middle to the beginning.
- This is done to prevent people from reporting their expectations of how
the event must have happened rather than the actual events.
- It also prevents lying (its harder for people to produce an untruthful
account if they have to reverse it).
4- Change perspective
- Witnesses should recall the incident from other people’s perspectives.
→ This is done to disrupt the effect of expectations and schema n
recall.
- The schema you have for a particular setting generates expectations of
what would have happened, and it is the schema that is recalled rather
than what actually happened.
The enhanced cognitive interview (ECI)
- Fisher developed some additional elements of the CI to focus on the social
dynamics of the interaction.
→ For example, the interviewer needs to know when to establish eye
contact and when to relinquish it.
- The enhanced CI also includes ideas such as reducing eyewitness anxiety,
minimising distractions, getting the witness to speak slowly and asking
open ended questions.
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