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samenvatting bijlage 1 Algemene chemie aan Ugent
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samenvatting bijlage 1 Algemene chemie aan Ugent
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zaterdag 10 oktober 2020ALGCH: Bijlage 1
Naamvorming in de anorganische chemie
1. Binaire (covalente) bindingen
1: mono 5: penta 9: nona
2: di 6: hexa 10: deca
3: tri 7: hepta 11: undeca
4: tetra 8: octa 12: dodeca
Formule Aanbevolen Oud
CS2 Koolstofdisul de Zwavelkoolstof
CCl4 Koolstoftetrachloride Tetrachloorkoolstof
SCl4 Zwaveltetrachloride
S2Cl2 Dizwaveltetrachloride
AlH3 Aluminium(tri)hydride
N2O Distikstof(mon)oxide
NO2 Stikstofdioxide
N2O4 Distikstoftetraoxide
H2O Diwaterstofmonoxide Water
NH3 Triwaterstofnitride Ammoniak
H2 Diwaterstof Waterstofgas
N2 Distikstof Stikstofgas
O2 Dizuurstof Zuurstofgas
Cl2 Dichloor Chloorgas
2. Ionen bestaande uit 1 atoom
- Positieve atoomionen krijgen de uitgang ion bij de naam van het element
Vb: Na+ Natriumion Fe2+ Ijzer(2+)-ion
- H+ ion = proton
- Negatieve atoomionen krijgen de uitgang ide-ion bij de naam van het element
Vb: Cl- Chloride-ion O2- Oxide-ion
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3. Radicalen en meeratomige kationen
- Radicalen krijgen vaak de uitgang yl
Vb: OH Hydroxyl CO Carbonyl
- Meeratomige kationen die ontstaan door additie van een proton aan een neutrale
molecule worden onium ionen genoemd
NH4+ Ammonium-ion
HONH3+ Hydroxylammonium-ion
H2F+ Fluoronium-ion
H3O+ Oxonium-ion (in water: Hydroniumion)
4. Meeratomige anionen
- Vaak de uitgang ide
OH- Hydroxide-ion
CN- Cyanide-ion
O22- Peroxide-ion
HS- Waterstofsul de-ion
I3- Trijodide-ion
S2-2 Disul de-ion
S2- Sul de-ion
- Veel meeratomige anionen met zuurstof zijn afkomstig van zuurstofzuren
(=oxozuren).
- Krijgen vaak de uitgang -aat
Anion Gebruiksnaam
SO2-4 Sulfaat-ion
NO-3 Nitraat-ion
CrO2-4 Chromaat-ion
CO2-3 Carbonaat-ion
PO3-4 Fosfaat-ion
ClO-3 Chloraat-ion
IO-3 Jodaat-ion
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