Summary

Sumario Célula procariota, calcificación y orgánulos - Biología 2ºBach

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Course
Biology and Geology

Institution
Bachillerato

Los contenidos del documento corresponden a 2ºBACH, y, por tanto, son plenamente útiles para selectividad. En este se resaltan las funciones y descripción de la capsula y pared bacteriana, así como los flagelos procariotas y la clasificación de las bacterias.

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Uploaded on June 24, 2021
Number of pages 2
Written in 2020/2021
Type Summary

biology
cell
membrane
procaryotic
procariota
celula
celula procariota
capsula
flagelo
pared bacteriana
bacilos
cocos
vibrios
espirilos
fimbrias
pilis

Institution Secondary school
Education Bachillerato
Course
Biology and Geology
School year 6

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Célula procariota Carlos Santana

1. Características de la célula procariota.
Las bacterias son células muy sencillas; carecen de núcleo y tampoco presentan orgánulos en
el citoplasma. Son organismos unicelulares y se encuentran en todos los ecosistemas.

2. Clasificación.
Se clasifican según su forma:
▪ Bacilos. Alargados y cilíndricos, en forma de bastón.
▪ Cocos. De aspecto redondeado, que aparecen aislados o en grupos de dos (diplococos),
otras forman cadenas (estreptococos) o grupos arracimados (estafilococos).
▪ Vibrios. Son cortos y curvados.
▪ Espirilos. Con forma de hélice o espiral.

3. Pared bacteriana.
La pared celular es una estructura rígida, situada por encima de la membrana plasmática, que
rodea totalmente a la célula. Se encuentra en todas las bacterias con excepción de los
micoplasmas. La pared celular bacteriana cumple las siguientes funciones:
▪ Mantiene la forma de la célula y previene la lisis osmótica.
▪ Posee componentes con capacidad antigénica.
▪ Regula el intercambio con el exterior.
▪ Proporciona carga negativa a la superficie celular

La tinción de Gram es una tinción diferencial que tiñe las bacterias de forma distinta en
función de la composición y estructura de su pared celular: gram positivas y gram negativas.

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