High yield and organized summary of the axial muscular system. It contains the different muscles of the head, neck, vertebral column, thorax, abdomen, pelv is, and perineum collated in a tabulated form
Anatomy Comprehensive Notes on Large Intestine, Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries and Veins associated structures
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ANATOMY
Axial Muscles
• Orbicularis oculi- encircles the eyes, tightly closes
OUTLINE the eyelids, and causes wrinkles in the skin at the
I. Head Muscles lateral corners of the eyes
a. Scalp Muscles
b. Muscles of facial expression
c. Muscles of Mastication
d. Muscles of the tongue
i. Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
ii. Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
e. Muscles of the Pharynx
f. Muscles of the Larynx
i. Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
ii. Intrinsic Muscle of the Larynx
g. Small muscles of the ear
II. Neck Muscles
III. Muscles moving the vertebral column
a. Superficial Intrinsic
b. Intermediate Intrinsic
c. Intrinsic Back Muscles
i. Superficial Layer
ii. Intermediate Layer
IV. Muscles of the Thorax
V. Abdominal muscles
a. Anterior abdominal muscles
b. Posterior Abdominal muscles
VI. Pelvic Muscles
VII. Perineal Muscles
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
HEAD MUSCLES • Temporalis, Masseter, and Medial pterygoid- close
SCALP MUSCLES the mouth
• Lateral pterygoid- opens the mouth
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NS ACTION • All masticatory muscles are innervated by the
Occipito Occipital highest Epicranial CN VII Moves
frontalis belly nuchal line aponeurosis (Facial scalp on mandibular nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve
of occipital nerve) skull and
bone raises MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NS ACTION
eyebrows Lateral surface Elevates
Masseter Zygomatic CN V3
Frontal skin and ramus of mandible to
arch (Mandibular
belly superficial mandible occlude teeth
division of
fascia of
eyebrows trigeminal
Temporalis Floor of Coronoid Anterior &
nerve) Superior
temporal process of fibers elevate
fossa mandible mandible;
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Posterior
fibers retract
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NS ACTION mandible
Lateral Greater wing Neck of Pulls neck of
Occipito Epicranial CN VII raises the
pterygoid of sphenoid & mandible and mandible
frontalis aponeurosis (Facial eyebrows
lateral articular disc forward
Orbicularis Medial Lateral nerve) Closes eyelids and (2 heads)
pterygoid
oculi palpebral palpebral dilates lacrimal sac
plate
ligament
palpebral raphe
part Medial Tuberosity of Medial surface Elevates
pterygoid maxilla & of angle of mandible
lateral mandible
Orbicularis Medial Loops return Throws skin (2 heads)
pterygoid
oculi orbital palpebral to origin around orbit into
plate
ligament and folds to protect
part
adjoining bone eyeball
Corrugator Superciliary Skin of Vertical wrinkles
supercilii arch eyebrow of forehead
Compressor Frontal Aponeurosis Compresses
nasi process of of bridge of mobile nasal
maxilla nose cartilages
Dilator naris Maxilla Ala of nose Widens nasal
aperture
Procerus Nasal bone Skin between Wrinkles skin of
eyebrows nose
Orbicularis Maxilla, Encircles oral Compress lips
oris Mandible, orifice together
and skin
Genioglossus Superior Blends w/ CN XII Protrudes apex
genial spine other (Hypoglossal of tongue
of mandible
muscles of nerve) through mouth
tongue
Hyoglossus Body and Depresses
greater tongue
cornu of
hyoid bone
Styloglossus Styloid Draws tongue MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX
process of upward &
temporal
bone
backward INTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES
Palatoglossus Palatine Side of Pharyngeal Pulls roots of MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NS ACTION
aponeurosis tongue plexus tongue upward &
backward, Oblique Muscular Apex of RLN - Narrows the inlet
narrows arytenoid process of opposite by bringing the
oropharyngeal arytenoid arytenoid aryepiglottic folds
isthmus cartilage cartilage together
– adduct arytenoid
Longitudinal Median Mucous CN XII Alters shape of cartilage
septum & membrane (Hypoglossal tongue
submucosa Thryoepiglottic Medial Lateral margin Widens the inlet by
nerve) surface of of epiglottis & pulling the
thyroid aryepiglottic aryepiglottic folds
cartilage fold apart
Cricothyroid Side of cricoid Lower border External - Tenses vocal cords
INTRINSIC MUSCLES cartilage & inferior laryngeal – vocal ligaments
cornu of nerve elongate & tighten,
MUSCLE NS ACTION thyroid raising the pitch
Superior CN XII curls tongue longitudinally upward cartilage
longitudinal (Hypoglossal
Inferior nerve) curls tongue longitudinally downward Thyroarytenoid Inner surface Arytenoid RLN Relaxes vocal cord,
longitudinal (vocalis) of thyroid cartilage lowering the pitch
Transverse narrows and elongates tongue cartilage
Vertical broadens and flattens tongue
Lateral Upper border Muscular Adducts the vocal
cricoarytenoid of cricoid process of cords by rotating
cartilage arytenoid arytenoid cartilage
MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX cartilage
Posterior Back of Muscular Abducts the vocal
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NS ACTION cricoid process of cords by rotating
cricoarytenoid
cartilage arytenoid arytenoid cartilage
External Circular Pharyngeal Muscles cartilage
Superior Medial pterygoid Pharyngeal Pharyngeal Aids soft palate in
constrictor plate, pterygoid tubercle of occipital plexus and closing off nasal Transverse Back & medial Back & medial - Closes posterior
hamulus, bone, raphe in Pharyngeal pharynx, propels surface of surface of part of rima glottids
arytenoid
pterygomandibular midline posteriorly branch of bolus downward arytenoid opposite by approximating
ligament, vagus nerve cartilage arytenoid cartilages
mylohyoid line of cartilage – adduct arytenoid
mandible cartilage
Middle Lower part of Pharyngeal Propels bolus
constrictor stylohyoid raphe downward
ligament, lesser &
greater cornu of SUPRAHYOID (EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL MUSCLES)
hyoid bone
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE ACTION
Inferior Lamina of thyroid
SUPPLY
constrictor cartilage, cricoid
cartilage
Digastric Post. belly: Intermediate Post. Belly: Depresses
Mastoid process tendon is held Facial nerve mandible or
Internal Longitudinal Pharyngeal muscles
of temporal bone to hyoid by elevates hyoid
Crico Lowest fibers of Sphincter at
fascial sling Ant. Belly: bone
pharyngeus inferior constrictor lower end of
Ant. Belly: Body Nerve to
muscle pharynx
of Mandible mylohyoid
Stylo Styloid process Posterior border of CN IX Elevates larynx
pharyngeus thyroid cartilage (Glosso during swallowing Stylohyoid Styloid process Body of hyoid CN VII Elevates hyoid
of temporal
pharyngeal bone (Facial bone
bone
nerve) nerve)
Salpingo Auditory tube Blends with Pharyngeal Elevates Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of Body of hyoid Inferior Elevates floor of
pharyngeus palatopharyngeus plexus pharynx the body of bone and alveolar nerve mouth and hyoid
mandible fibrous raphe bone or
depresses
Palato Palatine Posterior border of Elevates walls of
mandible
pharyngeus aponeurosis thyroid cartilage pharynx, pulls
palatopharyngeal
arch medially Geniohyoid Inferior mental Body of hyoid 1st cervical Elevates hyoid
spine of bone nerve bone or
depresses
mandible
mandible
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