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Summary BEHA 4003: Service Delivery Systems and Interprofessional Practice
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Course: BEHA 4003 Service Delivery Systems and Interprofessional Practice. References are attached.
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📭Epistemology, Ontology and
Evidence-Based Practice
Column Lecture 1 Lecture 2
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Evaluation
Tags WEEK 1
Epistemology
What is epistemology?
Branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
Study of the nature of knowledge, justification and the rationality of belief.
What are the majority of the debate of of epistemology centers on?
Philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to:
Truth
Belief
Justification
Skepticism
What kind of questions it addresses?
"What makes justified beliefs justified?"
"What does it mean to say that we know something?"
"How do we know that we know?"
Epistemology, Ontology and Evidence-Based Practice 1
, Ontology
What is ontology?
Philosophical study of being
Studies concepts that directly relate to being, becoming, existence
and reality
Listed as part of the branch of philosophy known as metaphysics
What kind of questions it often deals with?
It often deals with questions about entities, how are they grouped, or
ranked, i.e., hierarchy.
Evidence-Based Practice
What is EBP?
EBP > the idea that occupational practices must be based on scientific
evidence
Matthews (2003)
What are some problems with constructivist teaches?
There is an absence of empirical evidence of effectiveness
Employing this approach for which there is a lack of evidential support,
means not implying instructional practices for which there is an empirical
support
Constructivist thought argues that reality is:
Socially constructed
Done thru language
Organized and maintained thru narrative
There are no essential truths and no objective reality
How does one establish and evaluate knowledge?
Epistemology, Ontology and Evidence-Based Practice 2
, There is some correspondence between language and reality
Our propositions about our observations are logically coherent
There is reliable and systematic method of testing our observations
Dewey and Developmentalism
What does Dewey say about developmentalism?
A child's educational development comes from the child rather from an
external agent, e.g., the teacher Stone, 1996
His approach > based more on common sense and anecdotes that
empirical research
Child centred or progressive teaching practices
Education as Scientific Endeavor
Schooling > considered an intervention to produce some observable and
identifiable change on a range of different socially valued dimensions in the
child's development Deno, 1995
Social interactions and context > important for learning to occur
Motivation to learn is generated by the child
Constructivist Assumptions
Teachers need to adapt their teaching style, approach and content to the
specific developmental stage of the child
Social interactions and context > necessary for learning to occur
Motivation is from the child and is internal
In contract to the constructivist notion
Increased instructional time > directly related to improved student
performance
External reinforcers can increase achievement performance
Epistemology, Ontology and Evidence-Based Practice 3
, Students can and do learn in decontextualized settings
Specific skills are required for various aspects of learning, i.e., phonological
skills and reading fluency
Comparing Child-Directed and Teacher-Directed
Approaches
Two of the models were teacher-centered, skills, behavioural
and outcome-based Direct Instruction Model, Behavioural
Analysis Model). The results were quite clear. The two teacher-
centered outcome-based models significantly outperformed
the learner centered/constructivist models on all the
dependent measures Matthews, 2003, p. 60
Chall (2000)
The methods which have the greatest positive effect on achievement use...
cues, engagement, corrective feedback, and reinforcement and are more
likely to occur in a teacher-directed context.
North (2016)
What is radical social constructivism RSC?
"Reality" > social construct, so we can't have objective or direct access to
it
General principles associated with Radical Social
Constructivism
What are the 4 general principles associated with RSC?
No absolute truth
No free will
Epistemology, Ontology and Evidence-Based Practice 4
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