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MITOCHONDRIA_THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL
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MITOCHONDRIA_THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL
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A power house is an installation where energy in theform of electrical power is generated for distribution.
The cells in our body also have energy producing
powerhouses. Each cell contains not just one but many
of these powerhouse organelles. The number and size of
these organelles varies from cell to cell depending on
the cell's functions. For instance, muscle cells need a lot
of energy, and have 1000s of them per cell.Whereas each
skin cell has just a few 100 of them.
These powerhouse organelles go by the name
'mitochondria'
Energy is released by the cell's powerhouse-mitochondria
in the form of ATP(adenosine triphosphate). This energy
(ATP) is extracted through the metabolism of food by a
process called cellular respiration.
, The process of cellular respiration consists of four
distinct stages, namely (1)Glycolysis (2)Pyruvate
oxidation (3)Citric acid cycle, and (4)Oxidative
phosphorylation i.e., the electron transport chain
Of these 4 stages, glycolysis occurs in the cell cytoplasm
whereas the other 3 stages happen in different areas of
the mitochondria of the cell.
In total, 38 molecules of ATP are produced during the
whole process of cellular respiration. A majority of this
ATP production, 36 to be specific, occurs in the
mitochondria of the cell.
Without the mitochondria, cells would be unable to
extract energy (ATP) from the nutrients, and all cellular
functions would cease.
Structure of the mitochondria &
location of enzymes responsible for cellular
respiration:
The basic structure of the mitochondrion is
composed mainly of two lipid bilayer–
protein membranes: an outer membrane
and an inner membrane.
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