TOE: Toepassing Van Onderzoeksmethoden En Statistiek
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College aantekeningen Development, Learning and behavior toets B
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Course
TOE: Toepassing Van Onderzoeksmethoden En Statistiek
Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Book
How Children Develop
Hoorcollege aantekeningen met enkele opmerkingen van het boek erbij voor de duidelijkheid. (en wat plaatjes). sommige delen zijn in het engels met de nederlandse vertaling erachter
TOE: Toepassing Van Onderzoeksmethoden En Statistiek
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Inhoudsopgave
Hoorcollege 8 Motor Development......................................................................................................................2
Hoorcollege 9: BESTAAT NIET...............................................................................................................................9
Hoorcollege 10 Intelligence and academic achievement...................................................................................10
Hoorcollege 11 Taalontwikkeling.......................................................................................................................19
Hoorcollege 12 Media use in children................................................................................................................30
Hoorcollege 13A Pre teens.................................................................................................................................37
Hoorcollege 13B Adolescents and Emerging adults...........................................................................................41
,Hoorcollege 8 Motor Development
Definities:
- Changes in motor behavior over time ánd the processes underlying it (Clark & Whitall,1991)
- Adaptive change towards competence (Sugden & Wade, 2013) (er is een goal voor het kind
om effectief te zijn in de omgeving; zoals lopen om niet alleen het object te pakken maar ook
om ermee te spelen).
What are these processes?
Same observed developmental changes explained by different theories
• Neural maturation (neuromaturational theory)
• Self-organization of complex (sub)systems (dynamic systems theory)
• Differentiation, direct perception and discovering affordances (ecological perception-action theory
Stepping reflex
Stepping reflex disappears after about 2 months of age
Thelen 1995
Experiments: environmental manipulations
1) Stepping reflex present: little ankle weights
2) Stepping reflex disappeared: water basin
Cannot be explained by cortical inhibition hypothesis
Thelen: rapid weight gain due to breastfeeding makes the legs too heavy for the muscles that lift the
legs in stepping.
Neuromaturational theory
Gesell Dome
, Gesell zei dat dus elk kind op
dezelfde tijd deze stages gaan, omdat het internal genatic mechanism zijn.
Neuromaturational theory (Gesell)
1. Development is predetermined: behavioural changes reflect 1 to 1 the maturation of the CNS
2. Fixed sequential order of motor milestones
3. Development progresses from proximal to distal and from cephaal to caudal
4. Functional asymmetry due to cerebral lateralization (e.g. handedness)
Reiken met hand en voet (Galloway & Thelen, 2003) zuigelingen 12 weken oud; 6wk training met de
voet naar speelgoed reiken Na 6wk training is reiken met de voet vergelijkbaar of zelfs beter
'bedreven' vergeleken met reiken met de hand
, Dit laat zien dat
87% de ‘verwachte’ volgorde zien. Maar 13% dus niet. Sommigen gingen niet schuiven of kruipen etc.
Individuele verschillen van motor-milestone. X= infant in
weeks. En Y as de frequentie is gepresenteerd. Verschillende motor milestones overlappen. En grote
variatie in particulary motor behavior.
Als ze een pattern vervangen (kruipen) naar een ander pattern (walking) is er een transitie.
En hoe kunnen we de transities uitleggen?--> Dynamic system theory
De trantsities is een result van compelx interactie van subsystemen in the body (child), task specific
factors en de environment.
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