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Lecture Notes- Anatomical and Physiological Landmarks
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Introductory notes from Human structure and function
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Anatomical and Physiological terminologyAnatomy and Physiology
Anatomy (from Greek “cutting open”) = study of internal and external
body structures and their physical relationships among other body parts
Physiology (Greek “study of nature”) = study of how living organisms
perform their vital functions
Anatomy
Can be divided into Gross (Macroscpic) anatomy- which is everything to
do with things that are visible with our naked eye
Surface: relates to external structure of body (e.g. Anatomical
landmarks)
Regional: relates to studying the relationship of different regions of
body
Sectional: part of anatomy that studies cross sections
Systemic: part of anatomy that studies body systems
(cardiovascular, skeletal etc)
Clinical: part of anatomy that’s applied to clinical studies (e.g.
diagnosing)
Developmental: how anatomy changes throughout an organism’s
development
Microscopic anatomy is anything that isn’t visible with the naked eye so
needs magnifying
Cytology (study of individual cells)
Histology (study of tissues)
Atoms (smallest unit) join together to form
Cells (smallest living unit in our bodies).
Multiple cells join together to form tissues.
Multiple tissues form organs. Multiple Organs
form systems (respiratory system, digestive
system). Multiple systems form an Organism
Anatomical Landmarks
Common language in healthcare
E.g. when talking about mouth area refer
as Oral etc.
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