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Summary Ekonomie graad 10 (Via afrika)
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Behels die hele jaar se werk. Elke hoofstuk is in 'n ander kleur.
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By: info3519 • 1 year ago
By: katelynjackson03 • 3 year ago
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Graad 10_
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Wat is ekonomie? ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Basiese begrippe................................................................................................................................................... 3
Die metodes van Ekonomie ................................................................................................................................ 4
Die plek van Ekonomie in die veld ....................................................................................................................... 4
Die basiese ekonomiese probleem ..................................................................................................................... 5
Die probleem van skaarsheid .............................................................................................................................. 5
Produksie ruilhandel en verbruik ......................................................................................................................... 5
Volhoubare ontwikkeling en menseregte ............................................................................................................ 7
Die ekonomiese kringloop en kwantitatiewe elemente ...................................................................................... 9
Die deelnemers aan die ekonomie ...................................................................................................................... 9
Markte ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Samestelling van BBP .........................................................................................................................................12
Samestelling van bruto nasionale inkomste ......................................................................................................12
Vergelyking van BBP en BNI ............................................................................................................................... 13
Sakesiklusse ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
Die verskynsel van sakesiklusse .......................................................................................................................... 14
Maniere om sakesiklusse voor te stel ................................................................................................................. 15
Redes vir sakesiklusse ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Gevolge van sakesiklusse.................................................................................................................................... 19
Gevolge vir mense wat ekonomies kwesbaar is ............................................................................................... 20
Die dinamika van markte ................................................................................................................................. 22
Die mark as ’n verskynsel ................................................................................................................................... 22
Soorte markte .....................................................................................................................................................23
Hoekom pryse belangrik in 'n markekonomie is ............................................................................................... 24
Vraag aanbod en prys ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Aanbod en prys .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Prysvorming ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Die funksies van markte..................................................................................................................................... 26
Die produksiemoontliheidskromme................................................................................................................. 28
Toewysing van hulpbronne ............................................................................................................................... 28
Maksimalisering van bevrediging - indifferensiekrommes .............................................................................. 29
Markmislukkings - ondoeltreffendhede .............................................................................................................30
Die openbare sektor......................................................................................................................................... 32
Redes vir ingryping deur openbare sektor .........................................................................................................32
Soorte ingryping .................................................................................................................................................32
Groei ontwikkeling en globalisering ................................................................................................................. 36
Die onstaan van handel ......................................................................................................................................36
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Evolusie van markte ............................................................................................................................................36
Regerings en die regulering van markte ............................................................................................................ 37
Nywerheidsontwikkeling .................................................................................................................................... 37
Ekonomiese instellings ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling ........................................................................................ 39
Veeteelt en landbou............................................................................................................................................39
Landbou en mynbou.......................................................................................................................................... 40
Mynbou en nywerheid : 1910 tot 1990’s ............................................................................................................. 41
Vervaardiging en dienste sedert 1990............................................................................................................... 42
Die geskiedenis van geld en die bankwese in Suid-Afrika ................................................................................. 44
Die geskiedenis van geld ................................................................................................................................... 44
Die geskiedenis van die bankwese in Suid-Afrika ............................................................................................. 45
Die Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank .................................................................................................................... 45
Onlangse tendense in bankwese....................................................................................................................... 46
Bevolkings- en arbeidsmagtendense ................................................................................................................ 47
Die bevolking van Suid-Afrika ............................................................................................................................ 47
Die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark...................................................................................................................... 48
Werkloosheid .................................................................................................................................................... 50
Die aard van werkloosheid ................................................................................................................................ 50
Benaderings tot die oplossing van die werkloosheidsprobleem ...................................................................... 52
Ekonomies gemarginaliseerde groepe .............................................................................................................. 53
Arbeidsverhoudings .......................................................................................................................................... 55
Die oogmerke van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge (66/1995) ......................................................................... 57
Arbeidsregte en konvensies .............................................................................................................................. 58
Kollektiewe bedinging en die proses vir dispuutresolusie ................................................................................ 59
Arbeidshowe ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
Ekonomiese regstelling .................................................................................................................................... 61
Bevrediging van basiese behoeftes .................................................................................................................... 61
Menslike hulpbronne .......................................................................................................................................... 61
Natuurlike hulpbronne ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Kapitaal ...............................................................................................................................................................63
Entrepreneurskap .............................................................................................................................................. 64
Demokratisering van ekonomiese prosedures ................................................................................................. 64
Makro-ekonomiese aanpassings....................................................................................................................... 66
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→ Ekonomie is die studie van hoe individue, besighede, regerings en ander instellings in ons samelewing kies
om skaars hulpbronne te gebruik om aan hulle eindelose behoeftes en begeertes te voldoen.
Die ekonomiese probleem
→ Die fundamentele ekonomiese dilemma is skaarsheid.
→ Die probleem kom voor omdat hulpbronne beperk is, maar mense se behoeftes/begeertes onbeperk is.
→ Mense het net 'n sekere hoeveelheid geld tot hulle beskikking.
→ Die regering beskik ook oor 'n beperkte hoeveelheid fondse en kan nie in al hulle behoeftes voorsien nie.
Die ekonomiese vraag
→ Wat moet geproduseer word?
→ Hoe moet dit geproduseer word?
→ Vir wie moet dit geproduseer word?
Vertakkings van ekonomie
→ Individuele besluite is die fokus van mikro-ekonomie.
→ Dit geld vir besigheids- en verbruikersbesluite.
→ Makro-ekonomie is gemoeid met die algemene funksionering van die ekonomie.
Ekonomie kan verder in verskeie afdelings verdeel word
→ Geld, hoe dit bestuur word en hoe dit gebruik word, word alles in monetêre ekonomie bestudeer.
→ Die funksie van die regering in die ekonomie word in die openbare sektor se ekonomie bestudeer.
→ Ontwikkelingsekonomie is die studie van beleide en metodes wat die ontwikkeling van onderontwikkelde
lande verbeter.
→ Arbeidsekonomie is die studie van vraag en aanbod na arbeid, asook die impak daarvan op die ekonomie
van 'n land.
→ Omgewingsekonomie is die studie van omgewingskwessies.
→ Internasionale ekonomie is die tak van die ekonomie wat internasionale handel en finansies ondersoek.
Benaderings van Ekonomie
→ Ekonome verkry data en waarnemings oor hoe mense optree as hulle produkte en dienste in die wêreld
rondom hulle lewer, uitruil en verbruik.
→ Ekonome ontwikkel hipoteses en beginsels gebaseer op hulle waarnemings.
→ Werk deduktief deur teorieë te versamel en dit dan met die feite te vergelyk om vas te stel of een
verklaring ooreenstem met die feite (afleiding).
→ Om 'n hipotese te bou, werk induktief deur feite te verwerk (induksie).
→ Gebruik beide afleiding en induksie.
→ Ekonomie is die studie van hoe individue optree as dit by geld kom.
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