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migration & navigation
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The way in which animals migrate and navigate
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Lecture 10- migration & navigationDefinitions
Orientation: taking up a particular direction irrespective of destination. May be in response to a
desire to reach a goal but need not be.
Homing: returning to a starting point after an outward journey; may be across familiar or unfamiliar
terrain. Central place foraging. Have nest. Go on forging expedition. Need to return back to nest.
Navigation: directed movement towards a goal/ target location.
Migration: movement in response to seasonal changes in habitat. Site fidelity very high. Animal will
retune to same sites.
Home-range navigation
• Finding things is an everyday task for animals.
• May be a nest or burrow, breeding ground, stored food, a territory…
• Animals need to locate objects from places they are familiar and unfamiliar with.
• Need to be able to locate using surroundings
Wandering albatross
Wandering albatross diomedea exulans
– 3+ m wingspan, 12 kg, live to 60 years,
– Forage for weeks or months at a time, remain at sea when not breeding;
– Before satellite tracking thought to travel up to 1,800km on foraging trip;
Trackers on birds
Technology is useful
Technology tells us where they do and how fast and heights, travel in air or water
Heart rate loggers, physiology of animal when it does particular things- gliding or climb over
mountain range
– Tracking showed they travelled 3,600-15,000!
– Speeds up to 80km per h;
– Up to 900km per day.
– It’s far, but is it migration?-not migration- foraging trip
Green sea turtle
Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas
– Population nest on Ascension Island in Atlantic ocean;
– Shuttle to and from feeding grounds on coast of Brazil;
– ~2300km
– Five individuals tracked;
– Journey took 33-47 days
, – Long range foraging trips
– Understand where these animals that disappeared now who where they're going
Resources
Gray whale
Remote sensing: plankton maps
Why do they move or migrate
Seasonal- resource- food
Long migration along west coast of north America
Alaska
To California
Following food
Look at maps of sea temperature and plankton
Drives where resources are
African herbivores
To follow the rain and the growing season
Reliant on plant life
Reliant on water
Rain is key to where animals are
Follow growing season of plants
Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea
Annual migration of 35,000 km between northern and southern hemispheres…some individuals travel
80,000km annually!
Summer (May-July) in northern hemisphere to take advantage of long summer days and rich food
supply to rear their young, winter in rich Antarctic waters
Record holder
Large distance travelled
Artic in summer- advantage of food in the water- breed there and raise offspring
Winer- Antarctic- follow food
Breeding
Different type of technology
Bats
Seen in mexico and southern state
It wasn't clear if bats were trapped in nursery roosts
Some were used some not used
Doesn't necessarily mean they're migrating
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