Workings of the nervous system and will cover all major aspects of neuroscience from a basic level. The development and evolution of the nervous system through the anatomy and physiology of neurons, exploring sensory / motor systems and culminating in discussion of higher cognitive functions.
Organisation of the nervous system I
• gross structure and definitions
• neurones
• how neurones are organised
– nuclei, ganglia, tracts and nerves.
• the somatic nervous system
• the autonomic nervous system
• glia – structure and function
Overall structure of the
Nervous system.
The brain and the spinal cord
Are together known as the
Central nervous system.
Peripheral nerves are part of
The peripheral nervous
System
Cells of the nervous system
Nerve cells
– neurones or neurons
– 100 billion
– electrically active
• Supporting cells
– neuroglia, glial cells,
Glia
– 1-3x as many as
Neurones
Hold cns together
,The basic, common or garden, neurone
Cell body-soma
Dendrites- how neurone gets info in
Axon- takes info out of neurone to next cell
Terminal- how one neurone tells another it is active
Covered in myelin- made of glial cell- speed up
signalling
Tell another cell it is active- vesicles
Dendrite- has receptors- transmitter is specific to
protein- bind to it- set off something in postsynaptic
receptor
Neurone classification by role
Sensory- afferent
Detect change in environment
Signal pass off axon to cell body
Comes into cns
Interneurone- wholly in cns- locally
projecting
Target muscles and glands or organs
,Neurone classification by actions
Ex-release transmitter- make next neurone in
chain to be more active
In- make less neurone less excited
Real neurones come in all sorts of shapes and sizes!
Glial cells
Differentiate between glial cells and
Neurones
• Identify the different types of glial cell and
Their functions
• Demonstrate how glial cell functions support
Normal operation of the nervous system
, Myelinating glial cells
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells in the PNS, oligodendrocytes in the CNS
Myelin- fatty sheath- comes from oligodendrocytes in cns
Different cell same function
Myelinates axon and wraps round it
Layers for insulation
Supporting glia
Astrocytes
Astrocytes provide nutrients to the nervous tissue and a principal role
in the repair and
Scarring process in the brain. On the left panel they are made to
fluoresce and on the right is
An electron micrograph where the astrocyte processes in grey are
surrounding a synapse.
Provide nutrients
Regulate spinal fluid
Satellite glia – the astrocytes of sensory ganglia
Satellite glia – red, neurones – green, nucle i -blue
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller amyeroye. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
