100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
College 2 - Inleiding Beleid (minor) $4.28
Add to cart

Class notes

College 2 - Inleiding Beleid (minor)

 3 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

In dit document staan alle Engelstalige collegeslides met bijbehorende afbeeldingen. Per slide zijn de opmerkingen en uitleg van de docent schuingedrukt toegevoegd en vertaald naar het Nederlands. Dit document geeft niet een beknopte samenvatting, maar een allesomvattende samenvatting en helpt je d...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 13  pages

  • July 6, 2021
  • 13
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Agnieszka kanas
  • All classes
avatar-seller
College 2 - Inleiding Beleid

 Four perspectives on the policy process
 Agnieszka Kanas



Today

 Today: four perspectives on public policy (benaderingen van beleid)
 Next four weeks: applying four perspectives to understand how policy and its instruments
are developed (beleidsvoorbereiding), implemented (beleidsuitvoering) and evaluated
(beleidsevaluatie)




Policy processes are complex: Example 1

 Societal challenge: Raising number of causalities due to irregular migration.
 Policy solution?
1. A network of actors that have say about the issue: political parties, NGOs, citizens of
receiving societies, immigrants and asylum seekers, etc.
2. Diverging and conflicting interests: protecting human rights (to move freely and to
seek protection), securing borders, economic impacts, social cohesion
 Framing discussion: migration crisis vs. saving lives
 Political power and resources: coalitions, economic situation, societal
support (attitudes towards immigrants)
 Formal and informal rules: e.g., international agreements such as refugee
convention, right for family reunification, rights to access services such as
education, health care, and the labor market.

Voorbeeld: De vorige zagen we dat irregular migratie een voorbeeld van een social challenge was en
dat oplossingen complex kunnen zijn. Er zijn veel soorten doelen, actoren, middelen en instrumenten.
De complexiteit van het vinden van een oplossing ligt in twee zaken: societal challenges hebben
relavante actoren zoals burgers, politici en asielzoekers die allemaal eigen belangen hebben (vrij
reizen, veiligheid, economische impact, faciliteren van maatschappelijke cohesie). Sommige botsen.
Policy response wordt dus geshaped door verschillende factoren en verschillende frames, maar ook
door politieke macht en middelen. De context speelt ook van belang, denk aan maatschappelijke
support en native attitudes. Ten slotte ook formal en informal rules, dus bijvoorbeeld internationale
wetten die wederom invloed hebben op de policy response.

, Policy processes are complex: Example 2

 Societal challenge: Shortage of organ donors. Increasing organ donation might save or
improve (the quality of) lives.
 A simple technical issue. A government could introduce law forcing people to donate organs
o Various actors: medical specialists, representatives of patients, political parties,
religious organizations, etc.
o All actors represent different interests and want to influence discussion about how
to proceed
o Framing discussion: “saving lives” vs. “free choice”
Political power and resources: political coalitions, societal support
Formal and informal rules: e.g., constitution and laws that safeguard’s people’s free
will.

Voorbeeld: Vluchtelingencrisis is dus erg complex, maar bij een vraagstuk zoals een tekort aan
orgaandonoren zie je dat toenemende orgaandonatie belangrijk is en de levenskwaliteit verhoogt. Je
zou kunnen zeggen dat de politiek gewoon kan beslissen dat mensen organen moeten doneren.
Echter, iedere overheid wordt bij dit soort discussies geconfronteerd met public policy, verschillende
actoren, belangen etc. Iedereen wil de discussie beïnvloeden. Stel je gebruik frame ‘saving lives’ dan is
dat anders dan bij frame ‘free choice of people’.



Policy perspectives (benaderingen van beleid)

 These two examples illustrate that policy process are complex and influenced by many
factors
o Different actors
o Different bodies of knowledge and assumptions on how society and politics function
 The four theoretical perspectives enable us to capture the complicity of these different
assumptions the actors attach to public policy
o Lenses to focus on specific characteristics of policy process
 Contribute to ability of policy makers to adequately describe, analyze, and explain the
complexity of public policy processes

Kortom, de vorige 2 voorbeelden zijn dus complex met veel actoren en verschillende soorten
knowledge en assumptions. De verschillende perspectieven geven je de mogelijkheid om te focussen
op bepaalde aspecten van een vraagstuk. Denk aan human agency = hoeveel actoren kunnen
beslissen over een vraagstuk? Een ander belangrijk kenmerk van perspectief is dat ze contributen tot
de ability of policy makers.



Back to the roots

 Aim: to present models for interpreting and explaining American foreign policy
 Three models of policy making:
o Model I (rational actor)
o Model II (organizational process)
o Model III (governmental politics)
 According to Allison, many analysts rely too heavily on the rational model (Model 1)
and fail to recognize the importance of bureaucratic constraints and politics

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller margotvanHouten. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $4.28. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$4.28
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added