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Notities hoorcollege 1 inleiding Europees recht
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Aantekeningen van HC1, zeer uitgebreid. Mijn eindpunt was een 6,5.
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Samenvatting UU Public International Law (2020-2021)
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Samenvatting International Law, ISBN: 9780198828723 Public International Law
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summary Public International Law UU year 1
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HC1 EU lawThe foundations of European Union law
today’s learning goals:
- Nature of EU Legal Order: Intergovernmental, supranational or autonomous? For that purpose,
we focus on
Aard van de rechtsorde van de EU: intergouvernementeel, supranationaal of autonoom?
- History, ‘Precedence’, ‘direct effect’ and ‘competences’
Geschiedenis, ‘Voorrang’, ‘direct effect’ en ‘competenties’
TEU: Towards an Ever Closer Union?
De Nobelprijs voor de Vrede 2012 werd toegekend aan de Europese Unie (EU) "gedurende meer dan zes decennia
bijgedragen aan de bevordering van vrede en verzoening, democratie en mensenrechten in Europa".
- The EU is a supranational legal order:
it extends above the interest of stated. The principles of direct effect and supremacy distinguish
EU law from ordinary international law. het strekt zich uit boven het belang van vermeld. De beginselen
van directe werking en suprematie onderscheiden het EU-recht van het gewone internationale recht
Development of Primary Law (1)
- 1951: European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) – first organization with supranational
elements, with ‘High Authority’ and Court. Can bind Member States ‘against their will’
start point 1951: where the first two communities in the European union said: ‘let’s decide
supranationally about these 2 communities, let’s make sure that no single country can determine on what
is happening with the steal and coal’. Why steal and coal? This was regulated collectively because steel
and coal were the things you need for weapons and tanks. That was a conscious idea: if we start modestly
with the stuff that we mostly use to kill each other. Steal and coal and we put that on the supranational
control. So no single state has a monopoly or veto on decision making. That’s the rational step to
maintaining peace. It worked really quite well. Which wasn’t as hard at the time as it is know because it
were just a few members of states. Bit in ’57 …
, - 1957: European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community
(Euratom) Europese Gemeenschap voor Atoomenergie – similar to ECSC internal market and some
common policies (such as agriculture) gemeenschappelijke beleidsmaatregelen (zoals landbouw).
In 1957 the communities expanded, not just steal and coal but a whole market then called ‘common
market’. Where all the factors of production should be brought on the supranational control and the
objective loss and still is, is that for people capital and goods that they should be able to circulate freely.
We subdivide (=onderverdelen) those in four feeders? But we can go anywhere where we want in the EU
without held back at the border. The same goes for the good stuff, import and export. Same goes for the
capital: that was the idea. We create within Europe an market that is in way no different what we used to
have in the NL (we’ll discuss this next week). If u cross the provincial boundaries nothing happens. That
saves a lot of money and a lot of time and brings with it efficiencies. Again something the UK now is
finding out to an expense they going to be poor. Getting out of the single market. Especially because of
the 5% of their economy is financial service based. By some of bizarre twist of logic they’re focusing om
the customs union, not on the internal market. So they already given up on the internal market which is
where they’re going to lose most (third lecture).
Ontwikkeling van het primair recht (1)
- 1951: Europese Gemeenschap voor Kolen en Staal (EGKS) - eerste organisatie met supranationale
elementen, met ‘Hoge Autoriteit’ en Hof. Kan lidstaten ‘tegen hun wil’ binden
- 1957: Europese Economische Gemeenschap (EEG) en Europese Gemeenschap voor Atoomenergie
(Euratom) - vergelijkbaar met de interne markt van de EGKS en een aantal gemeenschappelijke
beleidsmaatregelen (zoals landbouw).
Development of Primary Law (2)
- 1986 Single European Act (QMV about internal market, new common policies)
- 1992 Maastricht Treaty, Establishment of the European Union with three pillars (EC, Common
Foreign Security Policy, and Justice and Home Affairs), Monetary Union
- 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam
- 2002 Treaty of Nice
- 2004 Failed Constitutional Treaty
- 2007 Lisbon Treaty the last treaty that is changed, and that’s now part of the statute books
But why do we need to change treaties?
Well, if you become bigger and successful club it will become harder to take decisions and they need to
adapt new rules about decision making
The treaties are a living project, it changes, it is dynamic. The endpoint is unkown.
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