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Notities hoorcollege 2 inleiding Europees recht
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Aantekeningen van HC2, zeer uitgebreid. Mijn eindpunt was een 6,5.
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Samenvatting UU Public International Law (2020-2021)
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Samenvatting International Law, ISBN: 9780198828723 Public International Law
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summary Public International Law UU year 1
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HC2 EU lawEnforcement and effectiveness
Enforcement (= handhaving)
Secure compliance (naleving) by the law.
Effectiveness
Something is effective when it fits for purpose, when it does the job.
Enforcement and Judicial Protection:
Enforcement and Judicial Protection in National Courts:
Bottom-up from national court to EU court
- Direct Effect (week 1)
the capacity of EU-law to be invoked directly by citizens in their national courts and if they do
that, they are enforcing the law.
Cannot be seen in isolation from the preliminary reference procedure which we going to discuss today.
The preliminary reference procedure is the procedure that allows national courts, that have questions
about EU law, to ask to refer this question to the EU Court of Justice. Then the European Court of Justice
will think about it and will give a judgement about it. They will send this back to the National Court where
the question came from. With this the national Court will resolve the national case. Kan niet los worden
gezien van de prejudiciële verwijzingsprocedure die we vandaag gaan bespreken. De prejudiciële
verwijzingsprocedure is de procedure die nationale rechtbanken, die vragen hebben over het EU-recht, in staat
stelt om deze vraag voor te leggen aan het Hof van Justitie van de EU. Dan zal het Europese Hof van Justitie
erover nadenken en er een oordeel over vellen. Zij sturen dit terug naar de Nationale Rechtbank waar de vraag
vandaan kwam. Hiermee zal de nationale rechter de nationale zaak oplossen.
- Preliminary Reference Procedure/ Prejudiciële verwijzingsprocedure (Art. 267 VWEU)
A procedure that allows national courts that have questions about EU law, to refer these
questions to the EU court.
The EU court will think about it, give a judgment, and send it back to the national court and so the
national court will resolve the national case.
In that case you can say: national courts are acting like agencies of the EU. They are working in
tandem with the EU court.
Enforcement and Judicial protection by EU Courts:
Top-down form Eu court to national courts
- Infringement procedure (Art. 258 TFEU)
- Action for annulment (Art. 263 TFEU)
- Non-contractual liability for damages (Art. 340 TFEU)
- In 2017: 1656 cases!
, Key principles
- EU is a legal community governed by the ‘Rule of Law’
The institutions of the EU are bound by EU-law as much as the Member States and its citizens.
The European Union is based on the rule of law. What it means is that the institutions of the EU are bound
by EU law, as much as the Member States are and as much as you and I are. That means that we can
sometimes overstep the law. But same goes for the various institution, EU institutions, the Council of
Ministers, European Parliament etc. Therefor you need procedures for all these different ways in which
the law can be engaged and breached.
de instellingen van de EU zijn evenzeer gebonden aan het EU-recht als de lidstaten en haar burgers.
De Europese Unie is gebaseerd op de rechtsstaat. Wat het betekent is dat de instellingen van de EU
gebonden zijn aan het EU-recht, net als de lidstaten en net zoveel als u en ik. Dat betekent dat we soms
de wet overtreden. Maar hetzelfde geldt voor de verschillende instellingen, EU-instellingen, de Raad van
Ministers, het Europees Parlement enz. Daarom heb je procedures nodig voor al deze verschillende
manieren waarop de wet kan worden ingeschakeld en overtreden.
- ‘Judiciary’: Court of Justice of the EU and national courts
one machinery, national courts ask questions to CJEU. So, the European judiciary is not just the
European court, it is also national courts that work with the European court.
één machine, nationale rechtbanken stellen vragen aan het HvJ-EU. De Europese rechterlijke
macht is dus niet alleen de Europese rechtbank, het zijn ook de nationale rechtbanken die
samenwerken met de Europese rechtbank.
- “Complete system of remedies and procedures”
direct consequence of a breach of EU-law is the idea that someone must be able to invoke the
law in order to stop the breach. There must be a procedure someway. If there is no remedie the
CJEU created new remedies. The court will try to interpret procedural law in such a way that
there is always a remedie for someone, so no breach of EU-law can be left untouched.
direct gevolg van een schending van het EU-recht is de gedachte dat iemand zich op de wet moet
kunnen beroepen om de schending te stoppen. Er moet toch ergens een procedure zijn. Als er geen
remedie is, heeft het HvJ-EU nieuwe remedies gecreëerd. De rechter zal proberen het procesrecht zo
te interpreteren dat er altijd een remedie voor iemand is, zodat geen schending van het EU-recht
onberoerd kan blijven.
Voorbeeld:
Suppose that there is a big environmental crisis developing around Tilburg, and it's a direct consequence
of a breach of EU law. Suppose that the Tilburg City Council is burning its waste instead of burying it in a
safe place. Then the idea is that someone must be able to invoke the law in order to stop it, there must be
a procedure some way.
- Right to effective legal protection and access to justice
- Principle of loyalty (Art. 4(3) TEU)
Member States should do noting that frustrates the realization of the aims of the EU.
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