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samenvatting: Moleculen mechanismen van genexpressie

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In deze samenvatting wordt uitleg gegeven over het verloop van genexpressie. Ook worden translatie en transcriptie in detail bekeken.

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  • No
  • Thema 2
  • July 8, 2021
  • 9
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • KSO
  • 5
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THEMA 2:MOLECULAIRE MECHANISMEN VAN GENEXPRESSIE

1 Identificatie van DNA als drager van de genetische informatie

Kleine Herhaling
DNA DNA opgerold tot chromosomen → 46
→ drager van genetisch info (erfelijk
materiaal)
→ celkern + mitochondrion
Gen = stukje DNA dat codeert voor een bepaalde
eigenschap.




- primaire structuur
- secundaire structuur
- tertiaire structuur
- quaternaire structuur




DNA helix (dubbelstrengig) = Desoxyribonucleïnezuur

Fosfaatgroep
Suiker → desoxyribose
Stikstofbase:
- Adenine
- Thymine - Uracil
- Cytosine
- Guanine




1

, 2 Genexpressie en fenotype

Genexpressie = gen komt tot uitdrukking/expressie
● erfelijke info in de basensequentie van het DNA naar proteïne
● proteïne realiseert → fenotypisch kenmerk van een organisme:
○ uiterlijk waarneembaar kenmerk
○ productie van enzym in stofomzetting

Basensequentie
Genotype = de erfelijke informatie, opgeslagen in het DNA.
Fenotype = de waarneembare eigenschappen van een individu (bv: blond haar, bruine
ogen,...)


3 Centrale hypothese van de moleculaire biologie
→ in de meeste organismen de algemene informatiestroom bij genexpressie als volgt
verloopt:




2

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