Class notes

Nutritional needs

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Course
NUR 110

Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)

Covers the lecture notes for nutritional needs.

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Uploaded on July 8, 2021
Number of pages 6
Written in 2020/2021
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Dr bhana-pema
Contains Q2

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nutritional needs

Institution
University of Pretoria (UP)
Course
NUR 110

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NUR110: Study unit 3

$ 49.35 $ 24.54 13 items

1. Class notes - Activity and stimulation needs
2. Class notes - Bio-psychosocial needs
3. Class notes - Comfort, sleep and rest
4. Class notes - Cultural, spiritual and religious needs
5. Class notes - Elimination needs
6. Class notes - Human sexuality
7. Class notes - Hygiene and self-care needs
8. Class notes - Learning needs
9. Class notes - Nutritional needs
10. Class notes - Safety needs
11. Class notes - Self-concept
12. Class notes - The need for a peaceful death
13. Class notes - The need for internal homeostasis
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BNurI Package

$ 67.62 $ 10.91 18 items

1. Class notes - Activity and stimulation needs
2. Class notes - Bio-psychosocial needs
3. Class notes - Comfort, sleep and rest
4. Class notes - Cultural, spiritual and religious needs
5. Class notes - Elimination needs
6. Class notes - Human sexuality
7. Class notes - Hygiene and self-care needs
8. Class notes - Learning needs
9. Class notes - Nutritional needs
10. Class notes - Safety needs
11. Class notes - Self-concept
12. Class notes - The need for a peaceful death
13. Class notes - The need for internal homeostasis
14. Class notes - Critical thinking and the nursing process
15. Class notes - Theoretical foundations of nursing practice
16. Class notes - Health promotion and disease prevention
17. Class notes - Health promotion: communities, families and individuals
18. Class notes - Integrated management of childhood illnesses
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Nutritional needs
Concept clarification
 Nutrition
 The process of breaking down food and substances taken in by the mouth to use for
energy by the body
 The process of obtaining and consuming
 Nutrients
 Nourishment contained in a balanced diet
 Nutrients play an important role in keeping our bodies healthy
 Macronutrients
 Essential nutrients that have large minimal daily requirements
 Micronutrients
 Nutrients such as vitamins and minerals that are essential in small amounts for
proper growth and metabolism of a living organism
 Anabolism
 Building up/synthesis of cell structure from digested food materials
 Catabolism
 The chemical breakdown of complex substances in the body to form small units to
release energy

Nutrition
 Nutrition is the cornerstone to health
 Nutritional status determines the rate at which wounds and fractures heal, individual
immunity, the way chronic illnesses progress, exercise tolerance, energy levels, skin
appearance, hair, height and weight
 The nurses’ role in nutrition
 Can help people eat correctly during illness
 Educate people on eating for optimum health
Nutrients
 Nutrients are required for growth and maintenance of all body tissues and for the
normal functioning of all body processes
 The metabolism of nutrients is regulated by hormones
 Energy is extracted from certain nutrients and used by the body through metabolism
 Energy is released from food into the body through digestion and absorption
 Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism are all sources of energy and are classified as
macronutrients
 Micronutrients are nutrients essential in small amounts for proper growth and
metabolism a living organism e.g. vitamins and minerals
 Functions of nutrients
 To act as an energy source
 To enable to growth and maintenance of body tissues
 To help regulate body function

, Water
 Water is the most important chemical substance for the maintenance of life
 Without water, survival is limited to days
 The fluids a person drinks as well as fruits, vegetables and proteins eaten all provide water
 Waste is secreted by the kidneys through water
 Water is essential in keeping faecal matter soft and preventing constipation
 A person should drink an average of 2l of water per day
Fibre
 Fibre is essential for the normal functioning of the body and the gastro-intestinal tract
 It hold water which increases faecal bulk and prevents constipation
 Has a decreasing effect on blood cholesterol levels
 Has a regulating effects on blood glucose levels
 It disperses carcinogenic substances in the faeces
 It reduces the availability of certain nutrients (to an extent)
Dietary guidelines: the multimix principle
Group 1 Group 2
Staple food Protein supplements
Mealie meal, samp, bread, dumplings, rice, Fried beans and peas, groundnuts, peanuts,
potatoes, sweet potatoes, spaghetti, peanut butter, powdered milk, cheese,
macaroni, flour, amadumbe amazi, meat, chicken, fish, eggs
Group 3 Group 4
Vitamin-mineral supplements Energy supplements
Vegetables: spinach, cabbage, carrots, Butter, margarine, oil, animal fat
tomatoes, pumpkin, onions etc Fatty foods: bacon, fatty meat
Fruit: bananas, oranges, apples, mango, Sugar, jam, honey, condensed milk
pawpaw, peaches etc
Choose one food from each group at each meal
Choose something different at each meal

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