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Medical Entomology
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Summarization for Cockroaches until Mites
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-about 4000 species ,
Bare serious domestic pests
ORDER BLATT ARIA Peri
Blatta orientalis planeta americana
iknownasroacheslsteambufBlate.HU
germanica
-
German cockroach -
Oriental cockroach
-
American cockroach
found in cool temperate regions around the world
found inmost parts of the world occur
-
worldwide distribution
- -
-
10 -15mm smallest domestic cockroaches -
blackish -
35 -40mm
mechanical vectors for various bacteria protozoa
pathogenic virus
-
-
,
/ ,
20 -27mm 10h9
light yellowish brown shiny reddish chocolate
-
- -
,
-
nocturnal -
egg case is light-coloured , 7 -9mm long , -
eggcaseislo -12mm ,
contains 16-18 eggs brown color
-
omnivorous and voracious feeders contains about 40 eggs -
egg case d- 8 -10mm
foodtiytoungnymphst
,
live for 5- to weeks without water and many months without
todays ) Supetlalongipalpa containing 'be9Ys
periplanetaautraiag.ae
- -
disgorge partially digested meals and deposit excreta almost brown banded cockroach
on
anything
-
Australian cockroach
-
Temperate countries
-
occurs around the world
in and subtropical
-
have hemimetabolous lifecycle occurs
tropical areas
found
- -
a in warmth
places
-
-
10 -14mmlong
-
31 -37mm
warm countries
-
common colour : chestnut brown , black -
darker
-
yellow and brown bands
-
eggcasetsa -5mm contains
-
found in dark places
pale yellow stripe on each forewing
,
-
site : to -50mm
long -
about 16 eggs
body consists head pronotum abdomen egg case contains 22-24 eggs
-
-
: ,
,
-
wings
:
zpans ( forewing and hindwing ) >
tegmiha : thick and leathery Importance Applications
-
flattened dorsoventrally with smooth , shiny and tough integument ① Nuisance
residual sprays
-
covered with small and bristles
-
Pests dusk
-
legs
:
spines -
-
give along lasting offensive
.
smell
aerosols
have prominent segmented pilose cerci
-
-
② Disease smokes
for
-
-
mouthparts :
chewing gnawing scraping
, ,
-
allergies
infectious agents proven / suspected carriers
of
lifecycle
-
:
and should be done altera month and when cockroaches
organisms parasitic worms spraying
-
① Eggs reappear
-
laid encased in ootheca ( contains 12-50
eggs )
-
ootheca are partly protruding from the
tip of the abdomen Cesp - Blattaria
germanica)
management
-
deposited into cracks and crevices in dark secluded places ① Environmental management
-
cleanliness and hygiene
live for months to 2 or more
years
many
-
reduction of accessibility
laid during the lifetime of a female
- -
effective duration depends on : -
thoroughness of application
4-90 ootheca are
speed ofreinfestatiou
-
② Chemical control
-
-
difficultto control with insecticides
-
chemical used
② Nymphs resistant to used dosage and formulation applied
because :( i ) commonly
-
hatch after 1-3 months ( depending and compound of insecticides type of applied surface
temp species)
-
-
on .
-
pale delicate version of adults Iii) many insecticides are
-
temperature and humidity
repellent to them so they avoid - amount of
wearing and rubbing off occurs
-
wingless
gives only temporary relief
-
commonly have 5- 7-
nymphal stages that vary according to temp Insect growth regulators
-
,
should be accompanied with environmental
,
-
abundance of food and highly toxic Winsett larvae
species sanitation and house improvement
or
pupae
-
lasts for 2-3 months ( Blattella germanica ) 12-15 months ( Blatta orientalis ) insecticides are effective for several days to months interfere their development into adults
-
-
, , -
10-14 months lpeviplaneta americana) ocassionallyupto 23 months usage limited by their high cost and limited availability
-
be combined with attractants as toxic baits
,
☐
-
can
, FAMILY CIMICIDAE ( BEDBUGS ) FAMILY REDUVIIDAE ( KISSING BUGS )
size 5mm ( 3mm ( width)
-
bloodsucking bugs
length)
:
,
-
more than 130 species in 15-17 genera
shape : oral , flattened dorsoventrally -
in
subfamily triatominae ( aka kissing bugs , come -
nosebag , vinohucasibarbeiros )
colour :
yellowish ,
dark brown , red / if recently fed ]
:( a) Tviatoma infestans
Head : short , w/ broad pair of eyes segmented antennae
, 4 Important species
(b) Tñatomadimidiata
Proboscis fold beneath head swing forward when feeding
:
,
(c) Rhodninsprolixus
2 common
species :( a) Cimexlectulavis (d) Panstrongylusmegistus
distributed in
topic and tropic countries and South America )
non
spreading Chagas disease in Central
-
-
-
(b) cimex
hemiptems ( tropical bedbugs )
essential in old and New world tropics Site 5- 45mm
long mostly 20 -30mm
:
-
-
,
-
can also occur in warm areas of non tropic -
-
Head :
long snout -
like , pair of prominent dark coloured eyes , pair of laterally situated long and
, 4 segmented
•
antennae
proboscis thin and straight lies closely oppressed to ventral surface of head
lifecycle
-
: -
,
undergo incomplete metamorphosis is
swung forward and downward
when feeding
-
-
immature stages resemble adults and occupy ecological niche
-
Abdomen 11 segmented oral like
same :
shape
-
-
,
① Eggs First thoracic
segment consists a conspicuous triangular pronotum
-
:
-
glue to cracks and crevices of walls and furniture
-
Meso and meta thorax : hidden dorsally by folded forewings ( hemelytron )
lifetime ( depending environmental conditions and access to blood meals )
lay 300
eggs over on
-
-
Colour : brown black -
, some more colourful
elongate operculate cream to pink
-
, ,
1mm
long lifecycle
-
Chagas disease
-
hatch after 10 days to 1st instar nymph ① Eggs -
atoonouts
② Nymph 1.5 -2.5mm long causative agent Trypanosoma
: cruzi
-
-
b-
nymphal stages oral shape slight constriction before
operculum ( cap) ( South American
trypanosomiasis )
-
-
,
each require blood meal to moult to the next smooth ornate shell 1 pearly white pink or yellowish ) efficiency of vector depends on
-
a
stage
-
, -
:
can survive 4 months w/o a blood meal lay eggs a day ( total 50-1000
1- 2
depending on
speed of feeding
- -
-
③ Adult species and no d- blood meals ) . -
whether they defecate when feeding
survive over a
year w/o feeding ② Nymph
-
completion of lifecycle is 10 weeks
average ( depends on temperature humidity host
availability and habitat ) control
-
, , -
hemimetabolous
with residual insecticides
spraying
-
hatch after 10-15 days incubation period of 30-60 days
Importance
- /
insecticidal smoke bombs
cracks and crevices for 2-3 days before blood
.
nuisance
- hidden in
cracks and crevices around the house
.
-
plastering
-
feed at night sleeping people
on feeding
nymphal stages each stage require atleast
- b- ,
1 blood
-
inactive during daytime and hide in dark dry places
,
meal before next stage
not considered a vector
ingest 6- 12 ✗ their weight of blood last stage about 5- Gx
-
- can ,
control ③ Adults
insect only adults have wings
repellents
-
-
use
adults both feed at night for about Mimms
nymphs and 10 -
pyrethroid impregnated bed nets
-
use
-
-
floors and walls with pyrethrin can survive 4-6 months of starvation
spray synthetic pyrethroids
-
or
-
- defecate during / soon after feeding to transmit Chagas disease
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