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AQA Physics Mechanics and Materials notes

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Full notes on Section 3 Mechanics and Materials from the textbook ‘AQA A Level Physics’ with diagrams to help better remember the contents.

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  • July 13, 2021
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Forces in
Equilibrium
and direction
Vector is a
physical quantity that has both
magnitude .




Scalar is a
physical quantity that has
magnitude only .




The force F can be resolved into 2
perpendicular components .




↳ F O of action of force
cos
parallel to line at
angle -0 to the line the
:
a .




F
perpendicular to the line

sin Q :
.




If two forces which act point object
are
equal and
opposite to each other on a
,
the


object is in
equilibrium .




↳ resultant of the two forces is zero .




↳ the two forces are balanced .




forces act resultant of
When 3 on a
point object ,
resultant -
- O
only
if the
any
two


forces and to force
is
equal opposite the third .




Resolve force
each and
perpendicular

along the same
parallel .




↳ Balance the
components along each line .




The moment of force
force the
perpendicular distance from the line of action


a is x




of the force to the point .




Principle of moments States that for
system equilibrium


a in
,




sum of clockwise moments =
sum of anticlockwise moments



Centre of effect
mass is the
point through which
single force the
body has
turning


a on no .




Moment = F x d

, Sz
S
^
d. da = W t W t
Wo
< ,, , z
,



-
' W d
, ,
=
Wzdz
v pivot
V v
W,
Wo W2

S .

^
Sy
n



d. I dy
Moments about X :
Moments about Y : e
Y
'



i


Wdx S D=
Syd Wdy
=
..



w
Wdsc S =
Wdy pillar pillar
Y
Sy
= ,,
D se
D
L S

D




A of and forces
couple equal opposite acting body but not
along line


the
is a
pair on a
,
same .




Moment force action forces
of couple perpendicular distance between lines of of the
°
:
a x .




F Fa t F Ld -
x ) =
Fx + Fd -
Fx
^

x d -
x = Fd
( K 7




The total moment the of the
p
is same
, regardless
F about which the taken
point moments
< x are .




d




An stable released
object in
equilibrium will return to its
equilibrium position if
displaced then .




If an
object in unstable
equilibrium is
displaced ,
the displacement will increase
,
causing
the



object to be further from the
equilibrium position .




tilted too far


For to
For
tilting to occur
,
toppling occur
,



b
line of action of
< , Fd >
wzb weight
F s - - -

a-
-





passes beyond the
pivot
d





VW
v .


p




p
w




Vector of of forces 0
sum
triangle F Fa Fs
: =
t t
,




Conditions of of
equilibrium body I Resultant force must be
:
a .
zero .




2 .


Principle of moments must
apply .

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