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Mood and Figure of a Syllogism: Categorical Logic
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This lecture notes discusses the "mood and figure of a syllogism" in categorical logic.
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Mood and Figure of a Syllogism: Categorical LogicA syllogism can be distinguished from other syllogisms by its form, that is, the mood and
figure of a syllogism.
A syllogism’s form is determined by the mood and figure of the argument.
On the one hand, a Mood refers to the kinds of propositions that syllogistic arguments
contain, whether A, E, I or O.
On the other hand, a Figure refers to the position of the middle term in the premises.
Note that the validity or invalidity of the syllogism depends exclusively upon its form
and is completely independent of its specific content or subject matter.
Example:
All Filipinos are humans.
All Cebuanos are Filipinos.
Therefore, all Cebuanos are humans.
The mood and figure of a syllogism can be easily known if the letter S, P, and M are
used to represent minor term, major term, and middle term respectively. Thus, the
above syllogism will have this:
S – Cebuanos
P – humans
M – Filipinos
Using now the letters corresponding for each term, the syllogistic skeleton of the
syllogism can be represented as:
All M are P.
All S are M.
Therefore, all S are P.
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