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Samenvatting Cellen, Weefsels En Immunologie Nieuw curriculum
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INHOUDHoofdstuk 1: Cellen en weefsels. ............................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Kenmerken van het leven.............................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Hiërarchische opbouw................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Het lichaam als eenheid. ............................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Homeostase. ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 De fundamentele eenheid van het lichaam: de cel....................................................................... 5
1.5 Celmetabolisme. ............................................................................................................................ 6
1.5.1 Aerobe verbrandingsprocessen.............................................................................................. 6
1.5.2 Anaerobe verbrandingsprocessen.......................................................................................... 6
1.6 Celmembraantransport. ................................................................................................................ 6
1.6.1 Passief transport..................................................................................................................... 6
1.6.2 Actief transport. ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.6.3 Endocytose en exocytose. ...................................................................................................... 7
1.7 Celdeling. ....................................................................................................................................... 7
1.7.1 Mitose..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.7.2 Meiose of reductiedeling. ...................................................................................................... 8
1.8 De celcyclus. .................................................................................................................................. 8
1.8.1 Celdood................................................................................................................................... 8
1.8.2 Groei. ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.9 Weefsels. ....................................................................................................................................... 9
1.9.1 Dekweefsel. ............................................................................................................................ 9
1.9.2 Steunweefsel. ....................................................................................................................... 10
1.9.3 Spierweefsel. ........................................................................................................................ 12
1.9.4 Zenuwweefsel....................................................................................................................... 12
Hoofdstuk 2: Circulatie. ......................................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Bloed............................................................................................................................................ 13
2.1.1 Samenstelling van bloed....................................................................................................... 13
2.1.2 Functies van het bloed. ........................................................................................................ 13
2.1.3 Bloedplasma. ........................................................................................................................ 13
2.1.4 Bloedcellen. .......................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.5 Erytrocyten. .......................................................................................................................... 14
2.1.6 Leukocyten. .......................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.7 Trombocyten. ....................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.6 Het lymfatisch systeem. ....................................................................................................... 16
Hoofstuk 3: Afweer................................................................................................................................ 19
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, 3.1 Afweer. ........................................................................................................................................ 19
3.2 Exogene aspecifieke afweer. ....................................................................................................... 19
3.2.1 Mechanische barrières. ........................................................................................................ 19
3.2.2 Fysiologische barrières. ........................................................................................................ 19
3.3 Endogene aspecifieke afweer...................................................................................................... 20
3.3.1 Ontstekingsproces. ............................................................................................................... 20
3.3.2 Aspecifieke afweer. .............................................................................................................. 20
3.3.3 Cytokinen.............................................................................................................................. 21
3.4 Immuniteit, specifieke afweer..................................................................................................... 21
3.4.1 Cellen van het immuunsysteem. .......................................................................................... 21
3.4.2 Indeling van de immuniteit. ................................................................................................. 22
3.5 Humorale immuunrespons.......................................................................................................... 23
3.5.1 Werking humorale immuunrespons. ................................................................................... 23
3.5.2 Immunoglobulinen. .............................................................................................................. 23
3.6 Cellulaire immuunrespons........................................................................................................... 24
3.7 Regulatie van afweer. .................................................................................................................. 25
Hoofdstuk 13: Erfelijkheid en dna. ........................................................................................................ 26
13.1 Erfelijkheid. ................................................................................................................................ 26
13.1.1 Genotype en fenotype........................................................................................................ 26
13.1.2 Gen en allel. ........................................................................................................................ 26
13.1.3 Homozygoot, heterozygoot, dominant en recessief. ......................................................... 26
13.1.5 Intermediaire erfelijkheid................................................................................................... 26
13.2 Chromosomen. .......................................................................................................................... 26
13.2.1 Autosomen. ........................................................................................................................ 26
13.2.2 Heterosomen. ..................................................................................................................... 26
13.3 Overervingspatronen. ............................................................................................................... 27
13.3.1 Monogene overervingspatronen. ...................................................................................... 27
13.5 Structuur en eigenschappen van DNA. ..................................................................................... 28
13.5.2 Replicatie van DNA. ............................................................................................................ 28
13.5.3 Herstelmechanismen.......................................................................................................... 28
13.6 Genexpressie. ............................................................................................................................ 28
13.6.1 RNA. .................................................................................................................................... 28
13.6.2 Transcriptie en translatie. .................................................................................................. 29
13.6.3 Codon. ................................................................................................................................ 29
13.9 Mutaties. ................................................................................................................................... 29
13.9.1 Typen mutaties. .................................................................................................................. 29
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, 13.9.2 Oorzaken van mutaties. ..................................................................................................... 29
bijlage tissue repair. .............................................................................................................................. 30
bijlage medische microbiologie en bijlage bacteriën. ........................................................................... 32
bijlage infectiepreventie........................................................................................................................ 35
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, HOOFDSTUK 1: CELLEN EN WEEFSELS.
Fysiologie.
- De leer der verrichtingen.
- Bestudeert de verrichtingen van het menselijk lichaam
Anatomie.
- Ontleedkunde.
- Houdt zich bezig met het bestuderen van de bouw van het menselijk lichaam
1.1 Kenmerken van het leven.
- Metabolisme. Het vermogen om stoffen om te zetten in andere stoffen.
o Katabolisme. Het uiteenvallen van grote moleculen in kleine moleculen.
o Anabolisme. Het totaal van alle opbouwreacties.
- Groei. Volumevergroting van het lichaam
- Voorplanting. Het aantal individuen neemt toe.
- Adaptatie. Het vermogen om zich aan te passen aan omstandigheden.
- Prikkelbaarheid. Het vermogen om te reageren op externe prikkels.
- Prikkelverwerking. Inwendige reacties.
- Beweging. Het lichaam veranderd van plaats.
De animale functies zijn functies die het lichaam in staat stellen te reageren op verandering.
De vegetatieve functies zijn functies die de groei en ontwikkeling mogelijk maken.
1.2 Hiërarchische opbouw.
- De cel. Kleinste zelfstandige levende eenheid.
- Een weefsel. Een groep cellen met dezelfde functie.
- Een orgaan. Verschillende, samenwerkende weefsels.
- Orgaanstelsel. Groep samenwerkende organen met dezelfde functie.
- Organisme. Verschillende samenwerkende orgaanstelsels.
1.3 Het lichaam als eenheid.
1.3.1 Homeostase.
- Het streven van het lichaam naar het constant houden van het inwendige milieu.
Vochtbalans.
- De hoeveelheid water die dagelijks bij volwassenen moet worden opgenomen is 2,1 liter.
- Het totale waterverlies is afhankelijk van de omgevingstemperatuur.
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