Class Differences in achievement - Internal Factors, Labelling, The self fulfilling prophecy, pupil subculture
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AQA A Level Sociology Book One Including AS Level
Interactionists argue that schools actively create inequality through labelling and then self-fulfilling prophecy, educational triage, streaming and polarisation into pro and anti-school subcultures. Conflict between the school’s habitus and pupil’s identities may lead to symbolic violence and ...
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Class differences in
achievement — Internal
Factors //Labelling /The self
fulfilling prophecy/Pupil
subcultures/pupils class
identities and the school
Interactionists argue that schools actively create inequality
through labelling and then self-fulfilling prophecy, educational
triage, streaming and polarisation into pro and anti-school
subcultures. Conflict between the school’s habitus and pupil’s
identities may lead to symbolic violence and self-exclusion.
Labelling
To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them.
Teachers may label a student as bright 🌟 or thick🤥, trouble maker😈 or hard
working 🎓.
Class differences in achievement — Internal Factors //Labelling /The self fulfilling prophecy/Pupil
1
subcultures/pupils class identities and the school
, Teachers label pupils on the basis of stereotypes assumptions about their
class background rather than the pupil actual ability or attitude. A* or 😈
They label working class pupils negatively ❌and the middle class positively.
✅
Sociologists are interested in how people attach labels to one another, and the
effects that this has on those who were labelled.
Howard Becker: how close is a pupil to the ‘ideal pupil’ 🤩
Interviewed 60 Chicago High school teachers who judged pupils according
to how closely they fitted an image of the ‘ideal pupil’ 🎓
Middle class pupils were seen closest to the ideal and the working class
further away as they regarded them as badly behaved.
Hempel-Jorgensen: studied 2 primary schools 🏫
Aspen Primary school - Mainly working-class. staff said discipline was a
major problem.
The ideal pupil was defined as quite, passive and obedient. 🥺
Children were defined in terms of their behaviour, not their ability.
Rowan Primary - Mainly middle class, staff had very few middle class
problems. The ideal pupil was defined in terms of personality and
academic ability, rather than as being a ‘non-misbehaving’ pupil. A*
Labelling in secondary schools
Teachers ‘normalised’ the underachievement of the working class pupils.
They labelled working class parents as uninterested 😴
in their children’s
education, but labelled middle-class parents as supportive . 🤝
Class differences in achievement — Internal Factors //Labelling /The self fulfilling prophecy/Pupil
2
subcultures/pupils class identities and the school
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