Summary
Summary Grade 10 Life Sciences Examination Notes
- Course
- Institution
A complete document of the summaries I have made of all content covered in the Life Sciences classroom through the year.
[Show more]
1 review
By: huangajane574 • 2 year ago
Seller
Follow
abigaildk
Reviews received
Content preview
LIFE SCIENCE JUNE EXAMNOTES
Grade 10
,Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 1
ORGANIC VS INORGANIC COMPOUNDS........................................................................................................... 5
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS: WATER .................................................................................................................. 5
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS: MINERALS ............................................................................................................. 5
MINERALS: FERTILISERS ................................................................................................................................... 5
MICRO ELEMENTS (MINI)................................................................................................................................. 6
MACRO ELEMENTS (NAKCAP) .......................................................................................................................... 6
NITRATES ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
PHOSPHATES ................................................................................................................................................... 7
EUTROPHICATION............................................................................................................................................ 7
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ................................................................................................................................... 8
MONOSACCHARIDES: SIMPLE SUGARS (GFG) .................................................................................................. 8
DISACCHARIDES (MSL) ..................................................................................................................................... 8
POLYSACCHARIDES (SGC)................................................................................................................................. 9
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF CARBOHYDRATES ............................................................................................. 9
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS ................................................................................. 10
LIPIDS: CHOLESTEROL .................................................................................................................................... 10
PROTEIN PLAYS A ROLE IN: ............................................................................................................................ 11
DEFICIENCY DISEASES FOR PROTEIN .............................................................................................................. 12
PROTEINS: ENZYMES ..................................................................................................................................... 12
ENERGY VALUES ............................................................................................................................................ 15
BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ......................................................................................................................... 15
CELLS: THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE ...................................................................................................................... 15
THE CELL THEORY .......................................................................................................................................... 15
LIGHT MICROSCOPE ....................................................................................................................................... 15
CALCULATING MAGNIFICATION ..................................................................................................................... 16
CALCULATING ACTUAL SIZE ........................................................................................................................... 16
CELL STRUCTURE............................................................................................................................................ 16
THE CELL MEMBRANE (FLUID MOSAIC MODEL) ............................................................................................. 17
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE MEMBRANE ............................................................................ 17
OSMOSIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
CARRIER FACILITATED AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT............................................................................................ 17
THE NUCLEUS ................................................................................................................................................ 18
RIBOSOMES ................................................................................................................................................... 18
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) .................................................................................................................... 18
CYTOPLASM ................................................................................................................................................... 18
VACUOLES ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
LYSOSOMES ................................................................................................................................................... 19
GOLGI APPARATUS/BODY ............................................................................................................................. 19
MITOCHONDRION ......................................................................................................................................... 20
CENTRIOLES ................................................................................................................................................... 20
PLASTIDS ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
CHROMOPLASTS ............................................................................................................................................ 21
LEUCOPLASTS ................................................................................................................................................ 21
CHLOROPLASTS ............................................................................................................................................. 21
CELL WALL ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PLANT CELLS .......................................................................................................... 22
PLANT CELLS: ANIMAL CELLS: .................................................................................................... 22
CELL DIFFERENTIATION .................................................................................................................................. 24
HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 24
HOW TO PREPARE A WET MOUNT SLIDE ....................................................................................................... 24
MITOSIS ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
THE CELL CYCLE (TWO PHASES) ...................................................................................................................... 25
1
,WHAT IS INTERPHASE? .................................................................................................................................. 25
STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES ................................................................................................................... 25
FACTS ABOUT CHROMOSOMES ..................................................................................................................... 26
FUNCTIONS OF CHROMOSOMES ................................................................................................................... 26
MITOSIS ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
PHASES OF MITOSIS....................................................................................................................................... 26
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS DURING TELOPHASE ....................................................... 30
CANCER ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
TWO KINDS OF TUMOURS ............................................................................................................................. 31
KINDS OF CANCER.......................................................................................................................................... 31
CAUSES OF CANCER ....................................................................................................................................... 31
CARCINOGEN – CANCER CAUSING AGENTS.................................................................................................... 31
TREATMENT................................................................................................................................................... 32
PLANT TISSUES : IMPORTANT TERMS ............................................................................................................ 32
DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS ............................................................................................................................ 32
PLANT TISSUES (2 KINDS) ............................................................................................................................... 32
COHESION AND ADHESION ............................................................................................................................ 41
ANIMAL TISSUES ............................................................................................................................................ 42
FUNCTIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 43
BLOOD PLATELETS = THROMBOCYTES ........................................................................................................... 47
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 49
CLONING ....................................................................................................................................................... 50
ANATOMY OF A DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANT ................................................................................................... 50
DICOTYLEDONOUS SEED ................................................................................................................................ 50
ROOT SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................................................. 51
CROSS SECTION OF A DICOT ROOT ................................................................................................................ 51
CROSS SECTION OF A DICOT STEM ................................................................................................................. 51
DICOTYLEDONOUS STEM ............................................................................................................................... 52
EPIDERMIS ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
VASCULAR BUNDLES ...................................................................................................................................... 52
CORTEX.......................................................................................................................................................... 52
SECONDARY GROWTH ................................................................................................................................... 53
HEARTWOOD VS SAPWOOD .......................................................................................................................... 53
PLANT LEAVES ............................................................................................................................................... 54
CROSS SECTION OF A DICOT LEAF .................................................................................................................. 54
STRUCTURES AND RELATED FUNCTIONS OF A LEAF ....................................................................................... 55
ADAPTIONS OF THE LEAF FOR GASEOUS EXCHANGE ..................................................................................... 55
ADAPTIONS OF THE LEAF FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS .......................................................................................... 55
ADAPTIONS FOR WATER REGULATION .......................................................................................................... 56
REGULATION OF GAS MOVEMENT BY OPENING AND CLOSING OF STOMATA ............................................... 56
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS .................................................................................................................................. 56
ABSORPTION OF WATER BY A ROOT HAIR .................................................................................................... 57
STRUCTURAL ADAPTION OF A ROOT HAIR FOR WATER ABSORPTION ........................................................... 57
UPWARD MOVEMENT OF WATER AND MINERAL SALTS THROUGH THE PLANT ............................................ 57
TRANSLOCATION OF FOOD FROM THE LEAF TO THE ROOTS .......................................................................... 58
TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 58
DEVICE THAT MEASURES THE RATE OF WATER UPTAKE OF A LEAFY SHOOT ................................................. 59
SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS .................................................................................................................... 60
EXOSKELETON ............................................................................................................................................... 60
HYDROSTATIC SKELETON ............................................................................................................................... 60
ENDOSKELETON ............................................................................................................................................. 60
THE HUMAN SKELETON ................................................................................................................................. 61
THE AXIAL SKELETON: THE CRANIUM (SKULL)................................................................................................ 61
ROLE OF TEETH AND JAWS ............................................................................................................................ 62
DENTAL FORMULA (HALF MOUTH) ................................................................................................................ 62
BONY THORAX (RIB CAGE) ............................................................................................................................. 62
2
, SPINAL/VERTEBRAL COLUMN ........................................................................................................................ 62
APPENDICULAR SKELETON: THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND ARM ...................................................................... 63
THE PELVIC GIRDLE ........................................................................................................................................ 63
FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN SKELETON ......................................................................................................... 64
BONE CLASSIFICATION ................................................................................................................................... 64
MORE ABOUT BONE ...................................................................................................................................... 64
STRUCTURE OF A LONG BONE ....................................................................................................................... 65
JOINTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 66
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS ............................................................................................................................ 66
DIFFERENT KINDS OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS ......................................................................................................... 66
HINGE JOINT .................................................................................................................................................. 67
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT ............................................................................................................................... 67
PIVOT JOINT (AXIAL JOINT) ............................................................................................................................ 67
GLIDING/PLANE JOINT ................................................................................................................................... 67
ROLES OF BONES AND TISSUES IN LOCOMOTION (MOVEMENT) ................................................................... 67
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE SKELETON .......................................................................................................... 68
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN MAMMALS............................................................................................................. 69
WHY DO WE NEED TRANSPORT SYSTEMS? .................................................................................................... 69
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................................... 69
CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS ............................................................................................................. 69
TWO DISTINCT CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS ..................................................................................... 69
HOW DOES THE HUMAN BLOOD SYSTEM WORK? ......................................................................................... 70
SHAPE OF THE HEART .................................................................................................................................... 70
EXTERNAL HEART ANATOMY ......................................................................................................................... 70
INTERNAL HEART ANATOMY ......................................................................................................................... 71
HEART VALVES ............................................................................................................................................... 71
FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART ........................................................................................................ 72
THE CARDIAC CYCLE ....................................................................................................................................... 73
THE PULSE ..................................................................................................................................................... 73
HOW IS THE HEART CONTROLLED? ................................................................................................................ 73
BLOOD PRESSURE .......................................................................................................................................... 74
BLOOD VESSELS ............................................................................................................................................. 74
STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS .................................................................................................................... 75
ARTERIES ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
VEINS ............................................................................................................................................................. 76
CAPILLARIES .................................................................................................................................................. 76
DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE CARDIAC SYSTEM .................................................................................... 78
VARICOSE VEINS ............................................................................................................................................ 79
EXAMPLES OF DISEASES AND DISORDERS ...................................................................................................... 79
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................... 79
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD PLASMA, TISSUE FLUID AND LYMPH ................................................... 79
THE MOVEMENT OF LYMPH IN THE BODY ..................................................................................................... 80
ROLE OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IN DEFENCE OF BODY...................................................................................... 80
FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 81
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ............................................................................................................................ 81
TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 81
MARINE BIOMES OF SOUTH AFRICA .............................................................................................................. 82
FRESHWATER BIOMES ................................................................................................................................... 83
TERRESTRIAL BIOMES .................................................................................................................................... 83
ECOSYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................................. 88
ABIOTIC FACTORS .......................................................................................................................................... 89
BIOTIC FACTORS ............................................................................................................................................ 92
ENERGY FLOW IN AN ECOSYSTEM ................................................................................................................. 93
FLOW OF ENERGY IN AN ECOSYSTEM IS ILLUSTRATED BY .............................................................................. 93
FOOD CHAINS ................................................................................................................................................ 93
FOOD WEBS ................................................................................................................................................... 93
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller abigaildk. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.51. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now