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Sumario Leyes de los gases, explicación y ejercicios

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Leyes de los gases: Ley de Gay Lussac , ley de Charles, ley de Boyle, vocabulario y explicación de ejercicios paso a paso.

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  • July 23, 2021
  • 11
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • ESO
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Formulario
Química
• El comportamiento físico de una muestra de gas puede describirse
completamente con cuatro variables:

- presión (P)

- volumen (V)

- temperatura (T)

- cantidad (número de moles) de gas (n)
Las variables son interdependientes (Cualquiera de ellas puede calcularse,
midiendo las otras tres.)




Presión : Es la fuerza perpendicular que se ejerce por unidad
del área



Volumen : Es la cantidad de espacio que ocupa la materia



Temperatura : Puede ser en escala Celsius (°C) ,
Fahrenheit (°F), Kelvin o Absoluta (°K)




Siempre se debe trabajar así : (y si no, hay que transformarlo)
x ml
⁃ Volumen: Litros (ml  litros: )
1000

, ⁃ Presión: atm (Miligramos de Mercurio  atm:
x mmHH
)
760
⁃ Temperatura: °K (°C  °K : grados en Celsius + 273)


X = cantidad de esa cosa °F  °C : (grados Fahrenheit menos
en esa unidad 32) x 5 y eso lo divides en 9)



Leyes de los
ml= cm3




gases
1. Ley de Boyle: Para una masa fija de gas, a temperatura
constante, la presión es inversamente proporcional al volumen.

T = se mantiene
V = cambia Si sube la Presión, baja el Volumen, si
P = cambia baja la Presión sube el Volumen


P1 • V1 = P2 • V2



2. Ley de Charles: Para una masa fija de gas, a presión constante,
el volumen de un gas es directamente proporcional a la
temperatura absoluta.

T = cambia
V = cambia Si sube la Temperatura, sube el Volumen, si
P = se mantiene baja la Temperatura baja el Volumen


V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

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