Thesis
PLANTATION OF SANDALWOOD
- Course
- Institution
IT IS ABOUT PLANTATION OF SANDALWOOD
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
72-manishkumarmaitra
Content preview
1 Sandal wood (Santalum)1.1 INTRODUCTION
Sandalwood is the fragrant heartwood coming from the species of
genus Santalum, of family Santalaceae. The most notable members of
this group are Santalum album (Indian Sandalwood) & Santalum
spicatum (Australian Sandalwood). The woods are heavy, yellow, and
fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, retain their
fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for
use. Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in
the world. Both the wood and the oil produce a distinctive fragrance
that has been highly valued for centuries. Consequently, some species
of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past.
Sandalwood is one of tree species are the most widely accepted fragrant
trees around the world. The aromatic wood retains its fragrance for
decades and the wood is heavy and yellow in colour. There are many
sandalwood species spread across the world. Examples are:-
Species and varietes Geographical occurrence
S.album L australia,Indonesia, india
S.austrocaledonicum Viell new Caledonia,vanuatu
S.boninense Bonin Islands
S.lanceolatum Australia
S.macgregorii Papua New Guinea
S. Obtusifolium Australia
S.yasi. Fiji, Tonga
S.freycinetianum Hawaii Islands (O’ahu.Moloka’l)
S.haleakale. Hawaiian Islands (Maul)
S.ellipticum Hawaiian Island
S.paniculatum Hawaii Islands
-1-
,S. fernaandezianum Jaun Fernandez Island
S.insulare Society Islands (Tahiti)
S.acuminatum Australia
S.murrayanum Australia
S.spicatum Australia
The most common sandalwood varieties that are commercially grown
are:
Indian Sandalwood.
Australian Sandalwood.
Sandal wood It is native to Australia and India, while the oil and wood
of Indian sandalwood which is often referred as East India
1.1.1 Sandalwood in Indian Languages
Gujarati –ચંદન (Candana),
Malayalam – ചന്ദനം (candanaṁ),
Telugu – గం ధపు (Gandhapu),
Kannada –ಶ್ರ ೀ ಗಂಧದಮರ (Śrīgandhadamara),
Tamil – சந்தன (Cantaṉa),
Hindi – चंदन (Chandan),
Bangle – চন্দন (Candana),
Marathi – चंदन (Candana),
Punjabi – ਡਰਾ ਮੇਸਟਿ ਕ (ḍarāmēsaṭika)
Sandalwood is highly valued in the world market. The highly valued
aromatic oil, which is in yellow colour is extracted from both tree wood
and roots. The sandalwood odour persists in articles made of
sandalwood for decades.
It is an evergreen tree with slow growth rate reaching a height of about
10 to 15 m with girth size up to 1 to 2.5 m. It takes nearly 30 years for
the tree to reach economic activity. The leaves are leathery and in pairs
on either side of the stem. Matured leaves are bluish to greenish yellow
in colour while young leaves are green in colour. The bark of young
-2-
, trees is reddish brown and smooth while maturing trees have rough,
dark brown colour with deep vertical cracks. The inward part of the
bark remains reddish in colour. The tree is a hemi-parasitic on other
tree
species roots. The tree roots spread wide and forms ‘root grafting’ with
nearby tree roots. By attaching its roots with nearby tree roots, it obtains
water and nutrients for its growth. The flowering of the tree depends on
the altitude, flowering starts a month early on trees growing at lower
altitudes compared to trees at higher altitudes. The young flowers are
yellow and changes to deep purplish brown on maturation. It takes a
month from bud stage initiation to anthesis and three months for fruit
ripening from the initial stage.
Sandalwood trees can be divided into three groups;
1. trees that flower once in a year during September to December,
2. trees that flower twice in a year during March to May and
September to December,
3. there are trees that do not flower even after 15 years.
The sandalwood tree grows well on various sets of environmental and
climatic conditions such as altitude, rainfall, soil, and etc.
-3-
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller 72-manishkumarmaitra. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75057 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now