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Top 100 Drug Summary for PEBC Exam
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Information summary on the top 100 drugs to prepare students for the PEBC MCQ Exam.
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Generic ADR OtherHepatotox may occur after ingestion of a single dose of more than
7.5 g (adults) or 150 mg/kg (children); a dose of 10 g or more is
Derm: pruritis
potentially fatal in an adult. Acetylcysteine used in acute overdose.
Acet GI: constipation, N/V
Warfarin di >2g/d regular use
CNS: HA, insomnia.
- Acet tox ↑ if: concurrent dehydration, prolonged fasting,
DM, obesity, concomitant viral infx, fam hx of hepatotox rxn
NSAIDs (rev COX inh) may interfere with antiPLT effects of aspirin
GI: N/V/D, dyspepsia, bleeding and/or via comp inh. When used for antiplatelet effects, aspirin sb taken
ASA ulceration 30-120 mins before a NSAID. Do not use in children/teens w viral
CNS: tinnitus occurs w large doses. infx (risk of Reye's syndrome).
CI in last T of preg.
Upper GI disorders (dysphagia,
Should be taken on an empty stomach at least 30 mins before
esophagitis, esophageal ulcer and gastric
Alendronate consuming the first food, drink (other than plain water) and/or any
ulcer may occur), MSK pain, abd pain,
other med of the day.
dyspepsia and N/D.
Skin rash (including SJS), usually
maculopapular, is the most commonly
Allopurinol reported adverse effect. Incidence of skin Better tolerated when cc. Dosage adjustment req in renal dysfx.
rash may be ↑ with renal disorders.
GI (N/V/D, intermittent abd pain)
Anticholinergic: dry mouth, urinary
retention, constipation.
Extremely tox in OD: arrhythmia, hypotension, SZ, acidosis. DI
Amitriptyline CNS: drowsiness, fatigue.
common: CYP 2D6 substrate.
CV: orthostatic hypotension, tachy. wt
gain is common.
CV: edema, postural dizziness
CNS: HA.
Amlodipine DI: CYP 3A4 substrate.
GI: has been assoc with gingival
hyperplasia.
Derm: allergic rash (usually
erythematous, urticarial, may be
maculopapular); incidence ↑ in Probenecid inh renal tubular excretion (↑ amox conc). Assoc w ↓ oral
Amoxicillin mononucleosis. contraceptive efficacy by ↓ bac responsible for enterohepatic
GI: N/V/D. recirculation of E.
Renal: has been assoc with acute
interstitial nephritis (uncommon).
Resp: broconchospasm. DI: use w caution w other negative chronotropes (nonDHP CCBs, dig,
CV: hypotension, worsening of HF, Class I AADs, amiodarone).
Atenolol brady, heart block If used in combo with clonidine, BB sb withdrawn before stopping
CNS: fatigue, depression. clonidine (overstimulation of upreg β-receptors upon clonidine
Other: sexual dysfx in males. withdrawal may exacerbate rebound HTN).
DI: CYP 3A4 substrate.
Skeletal: MSK pain, rhabdo (rare)
Atorvastatin Use w caution w other agents assoc w myopathy/rhabdo (e.g., fibric
GI: liver fx abnormalities.
acid derivatives).
Azithromycin GI: N/V/D
Resp: broconchospasm
CV: hypotension, worsening of HF,
HF and angina are not approved indications in Canada.
Bisoprolol brady, heart block.
CNS: fatigue, depression.
Other: sexual dysfx in males.
Cardiac: palps
Budesonide / CNS: HA, tremor. Asthma indication > 12. LABA may ↑ risk of asthma rel death,
Formoterol infx: oral candidiasis (thrush). particularly in peds/adols. Rinse mouth after use.
ENT: cough, hoarseness.
Cardiac: tachy SR formulation dosed BID; XL formulation dosed OD.
CNS: HA, insomnia, dizziness DI: bupropion inh CYP 2D6--use w caution in combo w 2D6
Bupropion
GI: dry mouth, constipation, nausea. substrates.
EENT: tinnitus. Co-admin of thioridazine (QTc ↑) and MAOI is CI.
CV: syncope, hypotension.
DI: K/K sparing diuretics, NSAIDs
Candesartan Lytes: hyperK.
Avoid in preg (CI in 2nd and 3rd T).
Renal: renal impairment.
CV: Periph edema.
Celecoxib is a sp inh of COX-2. May ↑ the risk of CV events. Cross
Celecoxib CNS: dizziness, insomnia.
sensitivity with sulfonamides.
GI: abd pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, N/V.
Cephalexin GI: N/V/D (usually transient and mild). DI: probenecid inh tubular secretion and ↓ cephalexin elim.
Has been assoc w serum sickness-like
, rxns.
Each package for oral susp contains microcapsules of cipro along
with a diluent. Water should not be used to form the suspension.
GI: N/D
Cipro Oral Suspension is stable for 14 days when stored under
CNS: dizziness, nervousness, insomnia.
Ciprofloxacin refrigeration or at room temp.
May cause SZ in predisposed. May
DI: potent inh of CYP 1A2.
cause photosens.
May cause muscle weakness in patients with MG. Reports of tendon
rupture. Safety <18 not established.
CNS: insomnia, somnolence. Citalopram is a racemic mixture. The S-isomer is responsible for
GI: N/D, dry mouth. AD effects, while the R-isomer may contribute to ADR.
Citalopram
CV: postural hypotension, tachy. DI: ↑ QTc,↑ serotonin.
GU: sexual dysfx, ↓ libido. Substrate for CYP 2C19 and 3A4--overall risk of intx low.
Biaxin oral susp maintains stability for 14d when stored at room
temp – the reconstituted suspension may form a gel if stored under
GI: taste disturbance, N/V/D
Clarithromycin refrigeration.
CNS: HA
DI: Inh of CYP 3A4 and pgp.
CI: lovastatin, simvastatin, ergotamine, DHE, pimozide.
Many unlabelled uses: RLS, panic, insomnia.
CNS: drowsiness, fatigue, somnolence,
Clonazepam DI: substrate for CYP 3A4. CNS depressants (including OH) may ↑
dizziness. assoc w anterograde amnesia.
tox of both agents.
Heme: bleeding, bruising, epistaxis Clopidogrel is a prodrug converted to active form by CYP 2C19--inh
Clopidogrel
Derm: rash. of 2C19 may ↓ efficacy (esp in 2C19 poor metab).
CV: ↑ BP Causes hypercoag and ↑ risk of VTE.
Conjugate Estrogens GI: abd pain ↑ risk of CHD in postMP women. ↑ risk of breast CA. ↑ risk of
CNS: dizziness, nervousness. endometrial CA if not taken in conjunction w P.
CNS: drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness.
Cyclobenzaprine DI: substrate for CYP 1A2, 3A4, 2D6. Anticholinergic, 5-HT agents.
GI: dry mouth.
CV: Edema.
CNS: dizziness, HA. K salt rapid release, Na salt enteric coated or SR. May attenuate
Derm: rash. effects of antihypertensives, particularly ACEI/ARB. Avoid use in
Diclofenac
GI: abd pain, constipation, heartburn, renal dysfx and HF.
nausea, peptic ulcer/GI bleed. CI: last T of preg.
Heme: bleeding.
Sb taken immed after a meal or with food/milk.
Diclofenac / CI in preg (abortifacient potential). May attenuate effects of
GI: abd pain, N/D, dyspepsia.
Misoprostol antihypertensives, particularly ACEI/ARB.
Avoid use in renal dysfx and HF.
CNS: dizziness, confusion.
The normal Dig serum level for tx of HF is 0.5 – 0.8 ng/mL (tox
GI: N/V/D, anorexia.
common with > 2 ng/mL).
Digoxin Ocular: blurred vision/yellow halo w
DI: quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone, propafenone,
toxicity.
indomethacin, itraconazole, alprazolam, spiro ↑ the serum [Dig]
CV: AV block, brady.
CV: edema, hypotension, heart block.
Diltiazem CNS: HA DI: major substrate and moderate inh of CYP 3A4.
GI: constipation.
CNS: HA, somnolence, dizziness,
insomnia
Divalproex Derm: alopecia. DI: Minor substrate of multiple enzymes. Mod inh of CYP 2A6.
GI: wt gain, N/V/D
Heme: thrombocytopenia (dose-rel).
CNS: HA
If used for gastroparesis, should be taken 15-30mins ac. Assoc w V
Domperidone GI: dry mouth, abd cramping.
arrhythmias. Avoid use w agents that ↑ QTc.
Endocrine: galactorrhea.
CNS: insomnia Max dose in elderly women LBW is 5 mg.
GI: nausea (dose rel), diarrhea (dose ↑ ACh: use w caution in brady (vagal stimulation ↓ HR) and risk of
Donepezil
rel), anorexia. PUD
GU: urinary freq, incontinence. DI: anticholinergic drugs (attenuate effect of donepezil).
CNS: somnolence, dizziness, tremor
DI: ↑ 5-HT
GI: nausea, dry mouth, anorexia,
Duloxetine Substrate for CYP 1A2 and CYP 2D6 and inh of CYP 2D6.
constipation
CI w thioradazine (↓ metabolism of thioridazine and may ↑ QTc)
GU: abnormal ejaculation
CNS: HA, somnolence, insomnia.
DI: escitalopram is a substrate for CYP 2C19 and 3A4--overall risk of
Escitalopram GI: N/D, dry mouth.
intx is low. ↑ serotonin (risk for serotonin syndrome).
GU: ↓ libido, anorgasmia, impotence.
Esomeprazole CNS: HA. DI: Major substrate and moderate inh of CYP 2C19.
GI: N/V/D, flatulence, dry mouth. Possible assoc w Cdiff
May ↓ efficacy of clopidogrel, particularly in CYP 2C19 slow
metabolizers.
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