Summary of Colonialism, Puritanism, The Revolutionary Age, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, Victorian Age, Jazz Age, Lost Generation, Roaring twenties, Harlem Renaissance. Analysis of Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau, Frederick Douglass, Jack London, Nathanial Hawthorne, Charles Dickens, The Other...
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English Literature Summary
Puritans (1533-1630) Engalnd/America
– Religious organization/sect in the 17th century as a reaction on the
Anglican church
– Went from the UK to the US
– Great influence on American society
– Roman catholic church (everything is about wealth and power)
before 1500
o Too much power and no separation church and state
– Henry the 8th wanted to divorce his wife, but pope Clement would
not let him
o He separated the Anglican church/ church of England from the
pope and the church of Rome because it was too strict
(reformation)
o The king was the leader of the church of England/Anglican
church
o The people were unhappy because of its similarity with the
catholic church
o More people immigrated to the US
o More different types of churches and religions emerged.
– Puritans were to purify the Anglican church, separation church and
state
o Education was for everyone (woman and man) to be able to
read the Bible
o Not tolerant of other religions
o Natural events: God would be pleased or angry with humanity
and God intervenes in the lives of every individual (deciding
about heaven and hell)
o Eternal fate is predestined, God comes before everything.
o Public punishments to enforce the law, fear tactics, scarlet
letter, humiliation, witch trials, whipping, hanging, burning
alive.
o Church leaders and government leaders were very close.
o Against slavery, idleness, excessive celebration
o Separatists (pure Cristian and extremely puritan)
– Mob: group of people that get together
o Panic, fear, anger, hysteria (by accident or on purpose)
o Rational people end up doing irrational things
o Mob mentality; sinners and pitchforks
o Salem witch trials (women were persecuted because of their
knowledge)
Burning and hanging in Massachusetts)
Colonial period (1607-1776) England/America
– The British Empire
– To make use of all different natural resources around the world such
as ivory and gold in Afrika or oil and tropical fruits.
Revolutionary Age (1754-1783) England/America
, English Literature Summary
– Change in government (absolutist monarchies to constitutionalist
states and republics)
– Industrial revolution
Romanticism (1800-1855) America
– Amazing development in literature and industry, America seemed
limitless
– Democracy was flourishing
– Slavery, women’s disenfranchisement, mistreatment of workers
– Writers were optimistic, but some explored the dark side of
humanity
– Possibilities of the imagination, glories of the individual and beaty of
nature
– The spirit of exploration (doubled the country’s size westward)
o Indian Removal Act in 1830, whites invaded the natives in
their homeland
– Industrial Revolution (writers avoided commercialism, hectic pace
and lack of conscience and explored simplicity, beauty and truth
– The Tragedy of Slavery (North against and South pro slavery)
o Return to nature
o Importance of feeling and imagination
o Renewed interest in the past
o Escapism from reality
o Social engagement
o Nationalism
o Interest in countryside, common people, folk literature
o Interest in distant civilizations, gloomy places
o Reaction to neoclassicists
– Poetry
o Ode; a song in honor of a god or hero, lofty sentiments and
thoughts
o Sonnet; fourteen lines with a turning point (volta)/conclusion
o Ballad: Tragic story about love, death, betrayal, simple
language, does not contain opinions from the author, dialogue,
repetition, 4-line stanzas (abcd)
o Piet Paaltjens, Heinrich Heine, Percy Bysshe Shelley
– Fairytales, Prose; the historical/gothic novel
– Gothic elements (fear, creepy locations, good vs evil, the sublime)
– Frankenstein (Mary Shelley) is a frame story (story within a story
within a story enz)
– Edgar Allan Poe (explored the dark side, The Mask of the Red Death,
allegory where characters abstract ideas of life such as good and
evil)
– Black room with red windows and paint. 7 windows (heavenly
influenced by shakespeare) birth, growth, spring and youth green,
orange fall, white purity, violet the end, black dead)
– Stephen King (Carrie, classic horror movie, gothic novel)
– Henry David Thoreau (wrote about Mexican American War)
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