MICROBIOLO NU440/NUR4- DNA Biology

MICROBIOLO NU440/NUR4 DNA Biology & Technology Notes DNA is the genetic material for all living organisms. When an organism reproduces, copies of its DNA are passed to offspring. It contains the instructions for making all proteins required for life. The monomers that make up DNA molecules are called nucleotides. In the ladder analogy, which of the following for the sides of the ladder? Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups Why is DNA often described as having a structure that looks like a ladder? The sugars and phosphates resemble the sides of a ladder, the pair4ed bases resemble the rungs of a ladder. Which of the following carries the instructions for making a polypeptide or protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. mRNA DNA polymerase = replication RNA polymerase = transcription Ribosome = translation Which step of the DNA isolation procedure was responsible for removal of associated proteins from DNA (depropteinization)? Addition of meat tenderizer Using the ladder analogy for DNA structure, the sides of the ladder are composed of alternating sugars and phosphates Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA? Uracil Where does assembly of amino acids into protein occur? In the cytoplasm The complex formed by DNA and its associated proteins is called chromatin. What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication? It proof reads new daughter strands to be sure the bases are in the correct order, it synthesizes a daughter strand that is complementary to the template stand. The protein responsible for coiling of the DNA molecule is eukaryotes is called histone. Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative? Each daughter dna molecule is composed of one parental strand and one new strand. The code for storing genetic information in DNA is based on the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule. TRUE: DNA can be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Gene expression most likely leads to protein synthesis Which nucleic acid carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus out to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm? mRNA The order of nucleotides in the DNA molecule encodes the order of amino acids in cellular proteins. In living organisms, information for making proteins flow from DNA to RNA to protein. In the genetic code, an amino acid is encoded by three nucleotides. Each group of three nucleotide acts like a code word representing one amino acid. Labels order: Base pair, nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, hydrogen bonds, phosphate Each newly formed DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one daughter strand. In addition to linking together nucleotides to synthesize a daughter strand, DNA polymerase also proofreads the order of nucleotides. Write down the sequence resulting from a replication of the DNA sequence below. Taacgacctgactag A base sequence of a strand of DNA is gcctgcaca. A strand of dna complementary to this one is cggacgtct DNA replication lables: DNA major groove, dna minor groove, template strand, replication form, newly synthesized strand The process of forming mRNA from the template strand of DNA is called transcription. The enzyme responsible for the polymerization of nucleotides during transcription is RNA polymerase. Transcribe the following coding dna sequence tagctgccagtagca into a complementary sequence of mRNA. Aucgacggucaucgu RNA polymerase functions during transcription. A base sequence on a template strand of DNA is ATGCCGTAC. Which of the following represents a complementary mRNA? Uacggcaug RNA polymerase is an enzyme. The enzyme responsible for the polymerization of nucleotides during transcription is RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase functions during transcription. Components in transcription labels: Dna template strand, rna polymerase, 3 end of rna strand, non- coding dna strand, 5 end of rna strand A triplet of nucleotides in tRNA