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Summary HLS215 Midterm Assignment.docx HLS215 HLS215 Midterm Assignment American Military University HLSS 215: Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction HLSS 215 Midterm Assignment Defining weapons of mass destruction, referred to as WMD from here on$7.49
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Summary HLS215 Midterm Assignment.docx HLS215 HLS215 Midterm Assignment American Military University HLSS 215: Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction HLSS 215 Midterm Assignment Defining weapons of mass destruction, referred to as WMD from here on
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HLS215 Midterm A HLS215 HLS215 Midterm Assignment American Military University HLSS 215: Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction HLSS 215 Midterm Assignment Defining weapons of mass destruction, referred to as WMD from here on out, may be complicated due to the ambiguous nature of th...
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HLS215
HLS215 Midterm Assignment
American Military University
HLSS 215: Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction
HLSS 215 Midterm Assignment
Defining weapons of mass destruction, referred to as WMD from here on out, may be
complicated due to the ambiguous nature of the word. In general, the word implies fallout
following a catastrophic attack of some kind. The nature of the fallout depends on type of attack,
target, and the collateral damage associated with the attack. These factors can vary greatly, for
example some type of chemical attack where a person or group of people are targeted. Explosive
type devices can also be used much in the same way, with the added exception of property
destruction making it so that buildings or structures become the target and people are the
collateral damage. Another factor to consider is the political implications of the term. The term
becomes harder to define as it becomes more widely utilized by media and politics, especially
driving a targeted goal such as vote turnout or views for a particular agency. Unfortunately, these
aspects create a more complex use of the term and make it harder to provide one universal
definition. Additionally, the term WMD in articles saw a massive increase beginning around
1990 through 2010 as they became a more relevant area of focus in media and politics
[CITATION Car21 \p 3-4 \l 1033 ].
Defining the term WMD becomes even more complicated where a background could bias
an answer as well. For instance, a person with military background who may work on a
particular type of WMD may only associate that specific device and not recognize others. A
policymaker may utilize a stringent book definition (“black and white”) where a civilian with no
background but will simply refer to history and instantly define them as large-scale bombs. Even
, when analyzing an early defining of the terms in 1948 by the United Nations, it was left fairly
ambiguous. The U.N. defined WMD as any nuclear, chemical, biological, and weapons that
would be developed in the future that may be compared in destructive force to those listed above
[ CITATION And19 \l 1033 ]. Morally speaking, something such as assigning a monetary
value associated with the destruction or disruption by the use of WMD is difficult due to
placing a
value on human life. Similarly, difficulty exists in placing an arbitrary number of deaths to define
WMD, for example any casualty toll above 2,500 constitutes a WMD, due to moral challenges in
weighing the concept of casualties differently only due to the number of lives lost.
What we are left with is interpretation, any nuclear fusion or fission related weapon is
easily a WMD. Arguing any chemical or biological attack as WMD may be difficult due to
various perception of multiple lives lost or single target, but what must be acknowledged is the
potential. Chemical and biological attacks can be created to target a large scale of people and
remain relatively undetected and so they should always be considered a WMD. Simple yet
effective explosives, such as ammonia nitrate (fertilizer) bombs or improvised explosive devices
(IED), may be considered a WMD when we consider the intention behind the event. When
explosives are used outside of combat, targeting civilians or structures, the intent behind them
drives the definition of WMD.
Executive Order 12938, signed by President Clinton in 1994, first declared proliferation
of WMD as a national emergency [ CITATION The94 \l 1033 ]. The document provided an
overall framework for counter-proliferation efforts by the United States. The specific focus here
is going to be section 4 of the document, which delineates sanctions against foreign persons. The
language contained in the opening portion of section 4 clearly states that sanctions shall be
imposed against foreign person that willingly supports any efforts in regards to the use,
production, storage, or obtain chemical or biological weapons [ CITATION The94 \l 1033 ]. It
goes on to declare that foreign persons with sanctions are prevented from conducting business
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