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Samenvatting Cel I: organische chemie hoofdstuk 12

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Samenvatting van cel I: organische chemie AJ HOOFDSTUK 12

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  • July 31, 2021
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  • 2020/2021
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By: ameliebekaert1 • 1 year ago

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By: medstudnt • 1 year ago

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12. Organische reactiviteit - suikers: structuur en chemie


1. Inleiding


Rol

 Bron van energie ( glucose , zetmeel)
 Stevigheid (cellulose in hout)
 Bouwstenen (celwand bacteriën - op eiwitten: cel- cel interacties)
 Maken deel uit van nucleïnezuren (erfelijk materiaal)

Gevormd door FS in planten

zonlicht
6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
glucose  bevat dus energie levert die aan …



2. Definities en indeling


Term koolhydraat : brutoformule: (CH2O)n : hydraten van koolstof
Suikers  bestaan uit 1 of meer monosachariden


 Monosachariden: kleinste moleculen met eigenschappen van suiker ( vb zoete smaak)
 Aldosen (polyhydroxyaldehyden)
 Ketosen (polyhydroxyketonen)
 Elk C-atoom, m.u.v. carbonyl-C, gebonden aan 1 hydroxylfunctie
o Triosen
o Tetrosen
o Pentosen
o Hexosen  meest voorkomende suikers
o heptosen

vb: ribose, glucose en fuctose

1

,  Oligosachariden (2-10 monosachariden) (bv. sucrose, lactose zijn disachariden)


 Polysachariden (+10 monosachariden)
 Homogeen(cellulose of chitine)
 Heterogeen, (vb zetmeel)


 Gefunctionaliseerde sachariden: hydroxylgroep  functionele groep


 Deoxy-suikers: 1 OH-groep  H-atoom
 Ribose: bouwsteen van RNA
 Deoxyribose: bouwsteen van DNA




3. Monosachariden


3.1. Chemische structuur van monosachariden : aldosen (polyhydroxyaldehyden)
(komen meer voor dan ketosen)

 Meest eenvoudige aldose : het triose = glyceraldehyde (H2COH-CHOH-CHO)

Centrale koolstofatoom is stereogeen ⇒ 2 enantiomeren:
D-glyceraldehyde
L-glyceraldehyde


D- of L-configuratie hangt af van de oriëntatie van OH t.o.v. voorlaatste C-atoom in
Fisherprojectie



 Te kennen structuur: D-glucose




2

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