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Samenvatting Cel I: organische chemie hoofdstuk 12
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Samenvatting van cel I: organische chemie AJ HOOFDSTUK 12
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By: ameliebekaert1 • 1 year ago
By: medstudnt • 11 months ago
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12. Organische reactiviteit - suikers: structuur en chemie1. Inleiding
Rol
Bron van energie ( glucose , zetmeel)
Stevigheid (cellulose in hout)
Bouwstenen (celwand bacteriën - op eiwitten: cel- cel interacties)
Maken deel uit van nucleïnezuren (erfelijk materiaal)
Gevormd door FS in planten
zonlicht
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
glucose bevat dus energie levert die aan …
2. Definities en indeling
Term koolhydraat : brutoformule: (CH2O)n : hydraten van koolstof
Suikers bestaan uit 1 of meer monosachariden
Monosachariden: kleinste moleculen met eigenschappen van suiker ( vb zoete smaak)
Aldosen (polyhydroxyaldehyden)
Ketosen (polyhydroxyketonen)
Elk C-atoom, m.u.v. carbonyl-C, gebonden aan 1 hydroxylfunctie
o Triosen
o Tetrosen
o Pentosen
o Hexosen meest voorkomende suikers
o heptosen
vb: ribose, glucose en fuctose
1
, Oligosachariden (2-10 monosachariden) (bv. sucrose, lactose zijn disachariden)
Polysachariden (+10 monosachariden)
Homogeen(cellulose of chitine)
Heterogeen, (vb zetmeel)
Gefunctionaliseerde sachariden: hydroxylgroep functionele groep
Deoxy-suikers: 1 OH-groep H-atoom
Ribose: bouwsteen van RNA
Deoxyribose: bouwsteen van DNA
3. Monosachariden
3.1. Chemische structuur van monosachariden : aldosen (polyhydroxyaldehyden)
(komen meer voor dan ketosen)
Meest eenvoudige aldose : het triose = glyceraldehyde (H2COH-CHOH-CHO)
Centrale koolstofatoom is stereogeen ⇒ 2 enantiomeren:
D-glyceraldehyde
L-glyceraldehyde
D- of L-configuratie hangt af van de oriëntatie van OH t.o.v. voorlaatste C-atoom in
Fisherprojectie
Te kennen structuur: D-glucose
2
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