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Samenvatting cel I: organische chemie Hoofdstuk 11
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Samenvatting cel I:organische chemie Hoofdstuk 11
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11. Organische reactiviteit – Oxidatie en reductie reacties1. Inleiding
Oxidatie: rijker aan zuurstof OG van C stijgt
Reductie: rijker aan elektronen OG van C daalt
Oxidatie- reductie horen samen
Afspraak: oxidatiegetal van C bepaald door relatieve EN van elementen op C;
per binding naar een meer EN element stijgt OG met +1 (N,O,X)
per binding naar een minder EN element daalt OG met -1 (M,H)
Niet alle addities aan de ubbele binding veranderen de oxidatietoestand van de
molecule: individueel veranderen de OG van de C wel maar netto (voor de molecule in
zijn geheel) niet
2. Oxidatiereacties van alcoholen
Men gebruikt sterke oxiderende reagentia (bv. kaliumpermanganaat, chroomtrioxide)
= H+ en H- wordt onttrokken van de C en O betrokken in de C-OH binding en vormen H2
Methylalcohol → formaldehyde
Primair alcohol → aldehyde
Aldehyden kunnen zelf verder geoxideerd w. door oxiderend reagens met vorming
van overeenkomstig carbonzuur
daarom wordt deze manier niet echt gebruikt om aldehyden te produceren
aldehyden zijn vluchtiger dan alcoholen en CZ, daarom destillatie gebruiken
om aldehyde er uit te koken
Secundair alcohol → keton
Tertiair alcohol → geen reactie
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