Het vak pedagogiek wordt in het tweede semester van het eerste jaar Professionele Bachelor Orthopedagogie aan HoGent gegeven. Met deze samenvatting had ik de cursus niet meer nodig en behaalde ik 15/20 in de eerste examenkans.
PEDAGOGIEK
Samenvatting semester 2
Bachelor in de Orthopedagogie
2020-2021
Femke Peeters
0
,Femke Peeters
1A3.1/1A3.2
Inhoud
1. Wat is pedagogiek?
Een definiëring ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Niveaus van de pedagogiek ................................................................................................................. 5
Het ontstaan van de pedagogie en pedagogiek als wetenschap ............................................................................ 6
Situering van de pedagogiek in de wetenschappen............................................................................ 7
Onderscheid tussen psychologie en pedagogiek ............................................................................ 9
De pedagogische relatie ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Denkkaders binnen de pedagogiek ....................................................................................................................... 10
Doelstellingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
2. Theoretische pedagogiek
In de Westerse samenleving: Driestromenland .................................................................................................... 12
De personalistische of geesteswetenschappelijke stroming ............................................................ 13
Willhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) ....................................................................................................... 13
Ph. Kohnstamm ............................................................................................................................. 13
M.J. Langeveld (1905-1989) .......................................................................................................... 13
Enkele uitspraken die passen binnen deze stroming .................................................................... 13
Empirisch-analytische stroming ........................................................................................................ 14
Enkele uitspraken die passen binnen deze stroming .................................................................... 14
Kritisch-emancipatorische stroming ................................................................................................. 15
Armoede ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Racisme.......................................................................................................................................... 16
Seksisme ........................................................................................................................................ 16
De vraag van de kritisch-emancipatorische pedagogiek ............................................................... 16
In de Russische samenleving: de Cultuur-historische school ................................................................................ 17
Uitgangspunten Vygotsky (1896-1934) ............................................................................................. 17
Cultuur ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Ontwikkelingshistorie .................................................................................................................... 18
Kernthema’s ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Interiorisatie (Vygotsky) ................................................................................................................ 19
De zone van naaste ontwikkeling ZNO (Vygotsky) ........................................................................ 20
Onderwijsleertheorie: Trapsgewijs leren (Gal’perin) .................................................................... 22
Periodisatie van de ontwikkeling (El’konin) .................................................................................. 23
Ontwikkelend onderwijs................................................................................................................ 24
Besluit kernideeën cultuurhistorische benadering ....................................................................... 24
1
,Femke Peeters
1A3.1/1A3.2
Piaget vs. Vygotsky ........................................................................................................................ 25
In de hedendaagse tijd: pedagogiek in het Postmodernisme ............................................................................... 26
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Belangrijkste begrippen..................................................................................................................... 27
Betekenis voor opvoeding en pedagogiek ........................................................................................ 29
Besluit.................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Doelstellingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
3. Opvoeden
Opvoeden doorheen de tijden .............................................................................................................................. 32
Middeleeuwen .................................................................................................................................. 32
De Verlichting .................................................................................................................................... 32
Industrialisering ................................................................................................................................. 32
Vandaag ............................................................................................................................................. 33
Definiëring van opvoeden ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Opvoedingsdoelen – wat willen we bereiken met onze opvoeding? ............................................... 36
Opvoedingsinhouden – waarover gaat de opvoeding? .................................................................... 37
Opvoedingsmiddelen – hoe gaan we opvoeden? ............................................................................. 37
Opvoedingsmilieus ................................................................................................................................................ 39
Het primaire opvoedingsmilieu ......................................................................................................... 39
Het secundaire opvoedingsmilieu ..................................................................................................... 39
Het tertiaire opvoedingsmilieu ......................................................................................................... 39
Opvoedingsstijlen .................................................................................................................................................. 40
Opmerkingen bij opvoedingsstijlen ................................................................................................... 41
De permissieve (toegeeflijke) opvoedingsstijl................................................................................... 42
De verwaarlozende opvoedingsstijl .................................................................................................. 42
De autoritaire opvoedingsstijl ........................................................................................................... 43
De overbeschermende opvoedingsstijl ............................................................................................. 43
Hedendaags opvoeden… Te beschermend?? ............................................................................... 44
De democratische (autoritatieve) opvoedingsstijl ............................................................................ 44
Richtlijnen voor het positief opvoeden: democratische opvoedingsstijl .......................................... 45
Geborgenheid bieden .................................................................................................................... 45
Emotionele betrokkenheid ............................................................................................................ 45
Luisteren ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Positief benaderen ........................................................................................................................ 46
Grenzen en regels aanbieden ........................................................................................................ 46
Duidelijk zijn .................................................................................................................................. 47
2
, Femke Peeters
1A3.1/1A3.2
Voorspelbaarheid .......................................................................................................................... 47
Samen één opvoedkundige lijn ..................................................................................................... 47
Gezag laten gelden ........................................................................................................................ 47
Kritisch zijn..................................................................................................................................... 48
Geduld ........................................................................................................................................... 48
Relativeren .................................................................................................................................... 48
Voorbeeldfunctie........................................................................................................................... 48
Valkuilen in de opvoeding ................................................................................................................. 48
Dwingen, machtsstrijd – achtervolgen en controleren ................................................................. 48
Waarschuwen, dreigen – schreeuwen en schelden ...................................................................... 49
Waarom-vragen, vage boodschappen, naar de bekende weg vragen .......................................... 49
Besluit.................................................................................................................................................................... 49
4. Gezinspedagogiek
Wat is een gezin? .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Gezinnen en families ......................................................................................................................... 50
Gezin in verandering ......................................................................................................................... 50
Het gezin als systeem – systeemtheorie ............................................................................................................... 51
Open en gesloten gezinnen ............................................................................................................... 51
Harmonieuze gezinnen...................................................................................................................... 52
Rolpatronen binnen het gezin ............................................................................................................................... 52
Rol van de vader ................................................................................................................................ 52
Rol van de moeder ............................................................................................................................ 53
Conclusie ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Opvoeden in het gezin: differentiële opvoeding .................................................................................................. 55
Verschil in aanpak.............................................................................................................................. 55
Broer-zus relaties: structuur- en procesbenadering ......................................................................... 56
Structuurbenadering ..................................................................................................................... 57
Procesbenadering .......................................................................................................................... 58
Differentiële opvoeding is oke, maar er is nood aan gelijkwaardig opvoeden ................................. 58
Doelstellingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
5. Het secundair opvoedingsmilieu
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