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Samenvatting Sociologie

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Het vak sociologie wordt in het tweede semester van het eerste jaar professionele bachelor Orthopedagogie aan HoGent. Met deze samenvatting had ik de cursus niet meer nodig en behaalde ik 18/20 in de eerste examenkans.

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  • August 2, 2021
  • 129
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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SOCIOLOGIE
Samenvatting semester 2
Bachelor in de Orthopedagogie




2020-2021
Femke Peeters

,Femke Peeters
1A3.1/1A3.2

Inhoud
1. De aard van de samenleving

De samenleving als speelveld .................................................................................................................. 8
Het dagelijks leven door de bril van de socioloog ................................................................................. 11
Over eten en drinken ........................................................................................................................ 11
Over sport .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Over lifestyle en lijfstijl ...................................................................................................................... 13
Over liefde ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Contingent maar niet arbitrair? ........................................................................................................ 14
Een stap verder...................................................................................................................................... 15
Echtscheiding..................................................................................................................................... 15
Zelfdoding .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Arbeid ................................................................................................................................................ 17
Ziekte en dood ................................................................................................................................... 19
Verklaringen voor ongelijke levensverwachting volgens sociologen ............................................ 19
Een eerste definitie van sociologie........................................................................................................ 20
Samenvatting......................................................................................................................................... 22
2. De samenleving is een veld van tegengestelde krachten

Individu en samenleving: een strijd van goed tegen kwaad? ............................................................... 24
De samenleving: een vat vol mogelijkheden en beperkingen .............................................................. 26
Solidariteit versus strijd ......................................................................................................................... 27
Solidariteit en cohesie ....................................................................................................................... 27
Strijd en conflict................................................................................................................................. 30
Verschillende soorten conflicten................................................................................................... 31
Ongelijkheid versus gelijkheid ............................................................................................................... 33
Samenvatting......................................................................................................................................... 34
3. Welk nut heeft de sociologie?

De sociologie, een wetenschap als (g)een ander .................................................................................. 35
Er is meer wetenschap onder de zon dan enkel natuurwetenschap .................................................... 37
Een socioloog onderzoekt sociale feiten ............................................................................................... 38
Wat brengt de sociologie ons bij? ......................................................................................................... 39
De sociologie: een van de huizen op het plein van de samenleving met verschillende kamers en
bijhorende ramen .................................................................................................................................. 39
Welk nut heeft de sociologie voor een professionele bachelor? .......................................................... 40
Samenvatting......................................................................................................................................... 40


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,Femke Peeters
1A3.1/1A3.2
4. De ene bril is de andere niet

We dragen allemaal een bril! Over selectieve waarneming ................................................................. 41
Referentiekaders ................................................................................................................................... 43
Het breekpunt tussen common sense en wetenschap ......................................................................... 48
Samenvattend ....................................................................................................................................... 48
5. Blokken uit de sociologische blokkendoos

Sociaal handelen.................................................................................................................................... 49
Interactie en communicatie .................................................................................................................. 50
Interactie ........................................................................................................................................... 51
Communicatie ................................................................................................................................... 52
Non-verbale communicatie ........................................................................................................... 53
Impact van sociale media op communicatie ..................................................................................... 54
Sociale relaties en posities, sociale rol en status .................................................................................. 54
Sociale relaties................................................................................................................................... 55
Sociale posities .................................................................................................................................. 56
Sociale status ..................................................................................................................................... 57
De sociale rol ......................................................................................................................................... 58
Rollenstellen en rolconflicten............................................................................................................ 59
Rollenstellen .................................................................................................................................. 59
Rolconflicten .................................................................................................................................. 60
De stabiliteit van rollenstellen........................................................................................................... 61
Rolattributen en statussymbolen .......................................................................................................... 62
Samenvatting......................................................................................................................................... 62
6. Samenlevingsverbanden

Sociale netwerken ................................................................................................................................. 63
Netwerken zijn kanalen waarlangs sociale goederen (kunnen) stromen ......................................... 65
Enkele kenmerken van netwerken .................................................................................................... 65
Groepen ................................................................................................................................................. 67
Een typologie als uitgangspunt ......................................................................................................... 68
Sociale categorie ............................................................................................................................... 68
Het samenzijn .................................................................................................................................... 69
Primaire groepen ............................................................................................................................... 69
De collectiviteit .................................................................................................................................. 70
Referentiegroepen ................................................................................................................................ 71
Vergelijkende referentiegroepen ...................................................................................................... 71


2

, Femke Peeters
1A3.1/1A3.2
Normatieve referentiegroepen ......................................................................................................... 72
Groepen tussen conflict en solidariteit ................................................................................................. 72
Sociale bewegingen ............................................................................................................................... 73
Samenvatting......................................................................................................................................... 73
7. Culturele diversiteit

Waarvoor staat cultuur? ....................................................................................................................... 74
Cultuur met een grote en een kleine c .................................................................................................. 75
Cultuur: een patroon van waarden, normen, doeleinden en verwachtingen ...................................... 76
De ene cultuur is de andere niet ........................................................................................................... 80
Verschillen tussen ‘hoge’ en ‘lage’ cultuur.................................................................................... 80
Verschillen tussen samenlevingen ................................................................................................ 81
Verschillen binnen samenlevingen: dominante en gedomineerde culturen, tegenculturen en
subculturen.................................................................................................................................... 84
Instituties en institutionalisering........................................................................................................... 85
Het gezin: een primaire groep én een institutie – LEZEN...................................................................... 86
8. Levenslang leren om in het gareel te lopen

Cultuur wordt aangeleerd ..................................................................................................................... 87
Waartoe dient socialisatie? ................................................................................................................... 88
Primaire, secundaire en tertiaire socialisatie ........................................................................................ 89
Overzicht primaire, secundaire en tertiaire socialisatie................................................................ 91
Differentiële socialisatie ........................................................................................................................ 92
Over beïnvloeding, gezag en macht ...................................................................................................... 94
Gezag ................................................................................................................................................. 95
Macht ................................................................................................................................................ 96
Over machtsbronnen en elites .......................................................................................................... 96
Machtsmiddelen................................................................................................................................ 98
Conformisme: gedrag zoals het hoort? ................................................................................................. 99
Sociale controle en sociale sancties .................................................................................................... 100
De spanning tussen cultureel aanvaarde doelstellingen en middelen: Mertons typologie ............... 102
Meer over deviantie ............................................................................................................................ 103
Verklaringen voor deviantie ............................................................................................................ 104
Sociale contexttheorie – Durkheim (1897-1967) ........................................................................ 104
Labelingstheorie – Becker ........................................................................................................... 105
De learned deviance-theorie – Acker .......................................................................................... 106
De conflicttheorie ........................................................................................................................ 106
Functies van deviantie ..................................................................................................................... 107

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