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Acids and Bases
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Introduction to Acids and Bases
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Week 8 Acids 2 BasesArrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases
An arrhenius acid dissociates to produce protons Ht
lb Hd Htcaq t U
cag cage
An arrhenius base dissociates to produce hydroxideions OH I
NaOH caq Nat Caq 1 OH
Caq
flaws not all bases produceOH
ignores the effect of the solvent
Bronsled LowryTheory mostcommon
An acid is a pt donor H2O can be both
A base is a pt acceptor
Proton transfer
curved arrows are used to show e flow as bonds are broken 2 formed in the p transfer
, Acids in chemical Equations
in H2O the proton Ht will bedissociated with at least 1 molecule ofwater to formhydronium ion HzOt
t r
usually H HzOt are used Htmore common 17301 morerealistic
Totheionizationof an acid can be 2 ways
ANOzcap HtCaq 1 NO5 can
HNOzcaq HzOt t NOz caq
Conjugate pairs
conjugateacid base pairs are related through gainlloss of a pt
every acidhas conjugate base a vice versa
NHz t H2O WHY OH
base acid conjacid conj base
Acid 2 Base strength
in acidbase run the favoureddirection of the rain is from thestronger to the weakermember of
the conjugal pair strong acid weak conjugalbase strong base weak conjugate acid
Acid HO in H2O
Strongacids ionize completely in H2O
AN03 H2O HzOt NOT
Weakacids only partially ionize in water
CHzCozH H2O HzOt t CHzCo2
Acid ionization constant
CHzCozIt H2O T HOt t CHzCO2
acid base conj conj
base acid
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