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Equilibrium
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Introduction to equilibrium
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Pre LectureDynamic Equilibrium
At a certain point all ruins are reversiable
When the speed of forward and reverse reactions are equal
o so the concentrations of the reactants or products remain constant
then equilibrium is attained
rate of forward reaction rate of reverse reaction
The concept of Equilibrium
Physical equilibrium consists of a single substance
T
Ex Azole Hz0cg
Chemical equilibrium involves 2 or more substances
Ex Nz04cg F 2N02cg
for equilibrium we write A E B
As the rum progresses i
1 A decreases to a constant
2 B increases from 0 to a constant
3 When Ar B are constant equilibrium is achieved
Kfwd key
Krev
, The magnitude of K
K is ratio of products to reactants measure of reaction extent
Small k very little product mostly reactant no rxn
Large K mostly product very little reactant Gemgoes to completion
Intermediate k significantamount of product r reactant
A B K 105
AT B
5
A B Ks lo
Equilibrium Constant
related to concentration of reactants 8 products at equilibrium
has no units
AA t b B F cc d D
d
k ac CaD
a b
art B
where 1 ay for solid or liquid
e l
2 ay P for a
gax in bar
ay 2 Ex in mollL or M for a solute
3
Manipulating Equilibrium Constants
when we multiply a balanced equation
by n then we raise the
value of K to the power of n
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