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College Notes (Lectures) International Relations (5182V8IR) Global Politics, ISBN: 9781403989826 $8.62   Add to cart

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College Notes (Lectures) International Relations (5182V8IR) Global Politics, ISBN: 9781403989826

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College Notes (Lectures) International Relations (5182V8IR) Global Politics, ISBN: 9781403989826

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  • August 5, 2021
  • 119
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Gerrits & black
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International Relations
compilation document
Content
Lecture 1 – 1-2 – Introduction: from International Relations to International Studies or How to Study
a Rapidly Changing World?.....................................................................................................................2
Lecture 2 – 8-2 – Critical Introduction to IR Theory................................................................................9
Lecture 3 – 15-2 – The Cold War and its Legacy...................................................................................21
Lecture 4 – 22-2 – Nuclear Proliferation, ‘Rogue States’, and the Nuclear Crisis on the Korean
Peninsula..............................................................................................................................................27
Lecture 5 – 1-3 – Nationalism, State Formation and International Order.............................................40
Lecture 6 – 8-3 – The Legacies of Decolonization and the Non-Aligned Movement.............................47
Lecture 7 – 22-3 – Globalization and neoliberalism – origins, impacts and alternatives......................58
Lecture 8 – 29-3 – War, Peace and Intervention..................................................................................70
Lecture 9 – 12-4 – Global Politics and Regional Integration.................................................................79
Lecture 10 – 19-4 – Shifting Powers – The Decline of the West and the Rise of the Rest?...................88
Lecture 11 – 26-4 – Global Politics in an ‘Age of Terror’.......................................................................97
Lecture 12 – 3-5 – Conclusion – Global Politics and the environment................................................108




1

,Lecture 1 – 1-2 – Introduction: from International
Relations to International Studies or How to Study a
Rapidly Changing World?
 The changing nature of global politics after the Cold War
o 1991 as majorly significant turning point in modern history
o Collapse of the soviet union and the end of the cold war
o Global politics in the early 2000s and 2010s
 Real-world politics and the study of politics or how changes in global politics may encourage
us to think differently about how to approach international relations and world politics
theoretically
o ir = international relations (real-world politics)
o IR = International Relations (the study of ir)
o Relation between ir and IR
o Does IR suffice to understand ir?

Global politics and international relations since the Cold War (post-1991)

- An interdisciplinary course on international politics, from different disciplinary angles and
traditions (History, Political Science, IR) and area specializations (especially the ‘West’
(Europe and the USA), and Asia)
- Linkages between
o Global, regional and national developments
o Theoretical approaches and real-world issues and policies
 Evolution of IR theory
 The gap between ir and IR is too wide
 We should attempt to close this gap
o as is done very well in the Crocker article
 Collapse of the Soviet Union and the bipolar world order, and its
consequences
 What were the international consequences of domestic
developments
 Globalization and regional integration
 Most important development between the 1980s and 1990s
 The changing nature of war, peace and intervention
 Transformed since the World Wars
 Global politics and environmental issues
 Environmental issues influence international relations
 Environmental issues are increasingly more pressing
 Global power shifts – the ‘decline of the West and the rise of the Rest’?
 The rise of China
 Will there be a conflict between the USA and China?
o Western and non-western perspectives on global politics
 IR is based in the West
 IR is almost inherently Eurocentric
 ir is not inherently western of course
o International Relations and International Studies


2

,The changing nature of global politics after the Cold War (fundamental change)

- Global order: from bipolarity, to multipolarity, to etc.
o How the world changed at the highest level of political extraction
- Globalization and diversity
o Increasing interdependence (different dimensions: political, socioeconomic, cultural,
etc.)
o Tension between increasing interdependence and the reality of diversity (different
dimensions: political, socioeconomic, cultural, etc.)
- New actors and new issues
o Fundamental change after the end of the Cold War
- A world adrift: a policy analysis
o Crocker article
o Wide gap between ir and IR

Global change after the Cold War – the changing nature of ‘world order’

- Order does not literally mean lack of chaos/presence of peace
- Order means the way the world works politically/is divided in powers/is divided in
multilateral allegiances
- World order means how does the world function politically (issues, countries, actors,
institutions, etc.)
- Power is the currency of ir
o How is power divided/distributed?
- From bipolarity (Cold War) to unipolarity, multipolarity, and non-polarity
o The rise of authoritarian great powers: Russia’s ‘revisionism’, China’s ‘peaceful rise’
and the future of the ‘global liberal order’ – challenges from within (the Trump
presidency) and from without (with, without, against, around?)
 Cold war: bipolar
 Capitalist vs socialist
 Democratic vs authoritarian
 After end of cold war: unipolar
 The US was the only major power that really mattered (1990s)
 Liberal global world order
o Challenged from the outside: non-democratic powers such
as China
o Challenged from the inside: the liberal world order has been
compromised by the Trump presidency
 Currently: multipolar
 Te (re)emergence of authoritarian major powers such as Russia and
China
 Russia and China are revisionist
 Russia wants to change the current world order and the way in
which ir is conducted
 China wants the same but presents itself less negatively in this
respect
o ‘Back to the future?’ – John Mearsheimer, ‘Back to the Future: Instability in Europe
After the Cold War. International Security, 1990, 15(1), 5-56)
 The future of European integration

3

,  Ominous view on the future of European politics: Europe would not
be able to handle itself and its own challenges after the end of the
Cold War
 Even NATO did not support the US’s interests anymore
 Instability and conflict on Europe’s periphery
 Relations with Russia
o From the ‘post-Cold War to the ‘post-post-Cold War’?
 ‘The post-Cold War order is unravelling, and while not perfect, it will be
missed’ – Richard N. Haass, ‘The Unraveling. How to Respond to a Disordered
World, Foreign Affairs, November/December 2014
 From the unipolar order to the multipolar world order

Global change after the Cold War – Globalization and diversity

- Globalization is a political, socioeconomic, cultural, and ideational concept
- From globalization, universalism and the ‘End of History’ to the growth of ideological,
political and economic diversity, and the ‘Return of History’
o End of History – Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man. New York:
Free Press, 1992
 Influential in the early 1990s
 Too optimistic
 We currently live in different times
 Dichotomy: we become more alike but remain very different
o Return of History – Robert Kagan, The Return of History and the End of Dreams. New
York: Atlantic, 2008
- We are becoming more alike (globalization/interdependencies), but at the same time remain
very different (dichotomy)
o Globalization going wild
 Neoliberalism
 Financial crisis of 2007-08
 Eurozone Crisis (from 2009)
 Economic crises and its discontents
 People losing their livelihoods and security under the influence of
globalization
o Differences between and within countries increase and emphasized, shaped by a
large variety of ideological, cultural, national characteristics and differences
(migration, the rise of nationalism, ‘ethnic’ and ‘identity politics’), which can be very
different from the Cold War
o Growing economic equality between and inequality within countries (US, China,
Russia)
o Old, new and old/new ideas, norms: universalism (human rights), liberalism,
sovereignty, intervention

Global poverty reduction




4

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