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Summary Unit 3.3.1 - Introduction to organic chemistry NOTES
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A-level AQA Chemistry Introduction to Organic chemistry notes New spec Applicable to most exam boards
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Topic 9: Introduction to organic chemistryOrganic chemistry
Nomenclature
There are different ways of writing and representing organic compounds:
1. Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
2. Molecular Formula
The true number of atoms of each element in a compound.
3. General Formula
All members of a homologous organic series follow the general formula.
Alkanes = CnH2n+2
4. Structural Formula
Shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule
CH3-CH2-CH3
5. Displayed Formula
Shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound
6. Skeletal Formula
Shows only the bonds in a compound and any non-carbon atoms.
Vertices are carbon atoms.
Hydrogen is assumed to be bonded to them unless stated otherwise
, 7. Homologous series
Organic compounds are often part of a homologous series, in which all member
follow a general formula and react in a very similar way. Each consecutive member
differs by CH2 and there is an increase in boiling points as chain length increases.
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