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Samenvatting - Het locomotorisch stelsel $3.21   Add to cart

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Samenvatting - Het locomotorisch stelsel

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Ik heb deze samenvatting gebruikt voor het examen in juni 2021, en ben hierop geslaagd.

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  • August 8, 2021
  • 43
  • 2021/2022
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Anatomie & Fysiologie 2




1

,2

,Het locomotorisch stelsel
Inhoud
Het beenderstelsel
1. Inleiding tot het menselijk skelet ....................................................................................... 5
2. Het axiaal skelet ................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 De schedel (Cranium).................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Os Hyoideum (tongbeen) .......................................................................................... 10
2.3 De Wervelzuil (71cm) ............................................................................................... 10
Kromming van de wervelkolom ...................................................................................... 10
Opbouw van de wervels ................................................................................................... 11
Cervicale wervelzuil (C1 – 7) .......................................................................................... 13
Het heiligbeen & staartbeen ............................................................................................. 13
2.4 De borstkas ................................................................................................................ 13
3. Het appendiculair skelet ................................................................................................... 14
3.1 De schoudergordel..................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1 Het sleutelbeen (Clavicula) ................................................................................ 14
3.1.2 (Rechter) schouderblad ...................................................................................... 14
3.2 Beenderen van het bovenste lidmaat ......................................................................... 15
Beenderen van de hand ....................................................................................................... 15
3.3 De bekkengordel ....................................................................................................... 16
3.3.1 Het sacrum ......................................................................................................... 17
3.3.2 Onderaanzicht bekken: bekkenuitgang .............................................................. 17
3.4 Beenderen van het onderste lidmaat.......................................................................... 18
4. Gewrichten (articulaties) .................................................................................................. 20
4.1 Niet articulerende verbindingen tussen beenderen.................................................... 20
4.2 Beweeglijke gewrichten ............................................................................................ 20
4.2.1 Anatomische bewegingen .................................................................................. 21
4.2.2 Soorten gewrichten volgens bewegingsassen ........................................................ 25
4.2.3 Synoviale gewrichten ......................................................................................... 26
Het spierstelsel
1. Indeling en naamgeving van skeletspieren ...................................................................... 32
1.1 Hoofd- & halsspieren ................................................................................................ 32
1.2 Spieren van de wervelkolom ..................................................................................... 34


3

,1.3 Spieren van de buik ................................................................................................... 34
1.3.1 Het lieskanaal ..................................................................................................... 35
1.4 De bekkenbodemspieren ........................................................................................... 35
1.5 Spieren van de ledematen .......................................................................................... 37
1.6 De borstspieren .......................................................................................................... 38
1.7 Abductoren van de arm ............................................................................................. 38
1.8 Bilspieren .................................................................................................................. 40
1.9 Adductoren van het bovenbeen ................................................................................. 41
1.10 Beenspieren ........................................................................................................... 41
1.10.1 Beenspieren voorzijde bovenbeen ..................................................................... 42
1.11 Spieren van het onderbeen en de voet ................................................................... 43




4

,Locomotorisch stelsel:
- Beenderstelsel
o Axiaal skelet
o Appendiculair skelet
o Gewrichten
- Spierstelsel

1. Inleiding tot het menselijk skelet
Functie:
• Vormvastheid & ondersteuning
• Bescherming tere organen
• Vorming gewrichten & aanhechtingsplaats vo pezen, die zorgen vo beweging vh
lichaam
• Reservoir mineralen & vet
• Vorming bloedcellen
Vorm




Opbouw
Axiaal skelet:
• Schedel
• Tongbeen: enige bot dat aan gn ander bot vastzit
• Wervelkolom: 7 halswervels, 12 borstwervels, 5 lendenwervels, heiligbeen &
staartbeen
• Borstkas: 12 paar ribben + borstbeen
Appendiculair skelet:
• Schoudergordel: sleutelbeenderen + schouderbladen
• Per arm: opperarmbeen, spaakbeen, ellepijp, 8x handwortelbeentjes, 5x
middenhandsbeentjes, 4x3 vingerkootjes & 2x duimkootjes

5

, • Bekkengordel: heupbeenderen
• Per been: dijbeen, knieschijf, kuitbeen, voetwortelbeentjes, middenvoetsbeentjes,
teenkootjes, sesambeentjes

2. Het axiaal skelet
= Raamwerk dat hersenen, ruggenmerg & organen in borst-, buik- & bekkenholte stevigheid
geeft & beschermt.
= Aanhechting v spieren die bewegingen hoofd, hals & romp aansturen;
ademhalingsbewegingen uitvoeren; elementen vh skelet vd ledematen stabiliseren /
positioneren

2.1 De schedel (Cranium)
Functie:
• Beschermen hersenen & toegang tt spijsverterings- & ademhalingsstelsel
• Zintuigen
Opbouw:
14 Aangezichtsschedel 8 Hersenschedel
• 1 mandibula • 1 os frontale
• 2 maxillae • 1 os ethmoidale
• 2 ossa zygomatica • 1 os sphenoidale
• 2 ossa nasalia • 2 ossa parietalia
• 2 ossa lacrimalia • 2 ossa temporalia
• 2 ossa palatina (incl. 2 rotsbeenderen)
• 2 conchae nasales inf. • 1 os occipitale
• 1 os vomer




6

, Sinussen: luchtkamers




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