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EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND GROUP PRESENTATION SKILLSPART 1 – HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. Background to the EU
The Communities
o European Coal and Steel Community – ECSC (1952)
o European Economic Community – EEC (1957)
o European Atomic Energy Community – EURATOM (1957)
Membership
o Six founder members
o Expansion of membership
Development – Amending Treaties
o The Single European Act
o The Treaty on European Union
o The Treaty of Amsterdam
o The Treaty of Nice
o The Treaty of Lisbon
Brexit
PART 2 - INSTITUTIONS AND FRAMEWORKS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. Institutions – Title III TEU
General Provisions – Article 13 TEU
The Parliament – Article 14 TEU, Articles 223-234 TFEU
o Composition
o Functions –
o Legislative
o Other functions
o Democratic deficit?
o Decision-making
The European Council – Article 15 TEU, Articles 235-236 TFEU
o Composition
o Functions
o The President
The Council – Article 16 TEU, Articles 237-243 TFEU
o Composition
o Functions
o Presidency
o Decision-making
The Commission – Article 17 TEU, Articles 244-250 TFEU
o Composition
o Functions
o Guardian of the Treaty
o Formulation of policy
o Execution and administration of policy
o Decision-making
,The Court of Justice of the European Union– Article 19 TEU, Articles 251-
281 TFEU
o The Court of Justice
o The General Court
o Jurisdiction
B. Sources of EU Law
Treaties
o The Treaty on European Union (TEU)
o The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
Secondary Legislation – Article 288 TFEU
o Regulations
o Directives
o Decisions
o Recommendations
o Opinions
Case Law
o Decisions of the Court of Justice
o Decisions of the General Court
General Principles of EU law – Article 2 TEU
o Equality/non-discrimination
o Proportionality
o Legitimate expectation
o Fundamental rights
Law-making Processes
o The ordinary legislative procedure – Articles 289(1), Article 294 TFEU
o The special legislative procedure – Article 289(2) TFEU
o Legal base – Article 5(2) TEU, Article 296 TFEU
C. Supremacy of EU law
o Van Gend en Loos v Nedelandse Administratie de Belastingen (Case
26/62) [1963] ECR 1
o Costa v ENEL (Case 6/64) [1964] ECR 585
o Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Statto v Simmenthal SpA
(Simmenthal II) (Case 106/77) ECR 629
o R v Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte Factortame (Factortame I)
(Case C-213/89) ECR I-2433
o European Communities Act 1972
o Principle of “sincere cooperation” – Article 4(3) TEU
EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND GROUP PRESENTATION SKILLS
, LECTURE 2
PART 1 – INTRODUCTION TO FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
A. Introduction
Article 3(3) TEU – Establishing an internal market
Article 26 TFEU – Defining the internal market
B. Models of Economic Integration
Free Trade Area
Customs Union
Common Market
Economic and Monetary Union
C. Free Movement of Goods in the EU
Prohibition of Tariff-Based Barriers
o Article 30 TFEU: Prohibition of Customs Duties and Charges with
Equivalent Effects (CEE)
o Article 110 TFEU: Prohibition of Discriminatory Taxation
Prohibition of Non-Tariff Barriers
o Articles 34 and 35 TFEU (Prohibitions) & Article 36 TFEU (Derogations)
PART 2 – ARTICLE 30 TFEU: PROHIBITION OF CUSTOMS DUTIES AND
CHARGES HAVING EQUIVALENT EFFECT
A. The Article 30 TFEU Prohibition
Article 30 TFEU
Defining “Customs Duties”
o Sociaal Fonds voor de Diamantarbeiders v Brachfeld and Chougol Diamond
Co (Cases 2 & 3/69)
Defining “Goods”
o Commission v Italy (Art Treasures) (Case 7/68)
Defining “Charges Having Equivalent Effect”
o Commission v Italy (Re Statistical Levy) (Case 24/68)
B. Measures Falling Outside Article 30 TFEU
Charges for Services Rendered
o Commission v Italy (Re Statistical Levy) (Case 24/68)
o Commission v Belgium (Health Inspection Service) (Case 314/82)
o Commission v Germany (Case 18/87)
EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND GROUP PRESENTATION SKILLS
LECTURE 3
, PART 1 – ARTICLE 110 TFEU – PROHIBITION ON DISCRIMINATORY
TAXATION
A. Article 110 TFEU
Article 110(1) TFEU – Similar goods
Article 26 TFEU – Competing goods
Relationship with Article 30 TFEU
o Deutschmann v Germany (Case 10/65)
Defining Taxation
o Commission v France (Reprographic Machines) (Case 90/79)
B. Article 110(1) TFEU – Similar Goods
Identifying ‘Similar’ Goods
o Commission v France (French Taxation of Spirits) (Case 168/78)
o John Walker v Ministeriet for Skatter (Case 243/84)
Direct/Indirect Discrimination
o Direct Discrimination
o Lutticke (Alfons) GmbH v Hauptzollampt Saarlouis (Case 57/65)
o Commission v Ireland (Excise Payments) (Case 55/79)
o Indirect discrimination
o Humblot v Directeur des Services Fiscaux (Case 112/84)
Objective Justification for Indirectly Discriminatory Taxation
o Chemial Farmaceutici SpA v DAF SpA (Case 140/79)
o Commission v Greece (Case C-132/88)
C. Article 110(2) – Competing Goods
Commission v United Kingdom (Excise Duties on Wine) (Case 170/78)
D. Article 110 TFEU – Remedies
Article 110(1) TFEU: Equalisation
Article 110(2) TFEU: Removal of Anti-Competitive Effect
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