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samenvatting Overal Natuurkunde VWO 4 Hoofdstuk 5: straling $3.20
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samenvatting Overal Natuurkunde VWO 4 Hoofdstuk 5: straling

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samenvatting natuurkunde hs 5 straling

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  • Hoofdstuk 5
  • August 10, 2021
  • 4
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 4
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HS 5: STRALING
5.1 straling en bronnen
GM (geiger-müller) teller: meet straling (activiteit) van radioactieve stoffen
straling -> licht lampen, warmte zon, van beeldschermen
- eigenschappen straling:
- beweegt in rechte lijnen vanuit bron
- hoe groter afstand tot bron, hoe minder sterk straling
- eigenschappen per soort straling:
- doordringend vermogen: hoe diep straling kan doordringen
- ioniserend vermogen: geeft schadelijkheid aan (beschadiging moleculen, cel
mutatie/sterven)
*groter ioniserend -> kleiner doordringend
- Ioniserende straling:
- röntgenstraling (x): word in röntgenapparaat opgewekt uit elektrische energie
- radioactieve straling: uit atoomkernen radioactieve stoffen
-> (α)alfa- + (β)beta-straling; deeltjes
->(γ)gamma-straling
radioactieve stof: stof met instabiele atomen die ioniserende straling uitzendt
- bronnen ioniserende straling
- natuurlijke bronnen: altijd in omgeving aanwezig (kosmos, bodem, water,
lucht, voedsel, bouw)
- kunstmatige bronnen: door mensen geproduceerd (medische toepassingen,
kernreactoren, deeltjesversnellers)
achtergrondstraling: permanente hoeveelheid straling die altijd aanwezig is
(uitwendige) bestraling: ontvanger absorbeert straling van buitenaf, geen
direct contact materiaal
besmetting: radioactieve stof op/in het lichaam (ontvangst straling van
buitenaf/binnenuit)
Straling transporteert energie:
- alfa/beta -> bewegingsenergie deeltjes (door hoge snelheid)
- gamma/rontgen -> fotonen; pakketjes stralingsenergie, geen massa/lading




Soorten straling:

Soo Ioniserend Doordringen Stralingsener
rt vermogen d vermogen gie
α Groot Klein Beweging
β Matig Matig Beweging
Β+
χ Klein Groot Fotonen
γ Klein Groot Fotonen

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