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Samenvatting orgaanfysiologie en pathofysiologie 1: deel neurologie
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  • Orgaanfysiologie En Pathofysiologie 1
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  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)

Dit is een samenvatting van het deel neurologie v/h vak orgaanfysiologie en pathofysiologie 1. Ik heb zelf deze samenvatting gebruikt en ben in mijn eerste zit geslaagd! - Deel anatomie en psychiatrie staan ook te koop.

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Document information

  • August 11, 2021
  • 84
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • orgaanfysiologie
  • fysiologie
  • pathofysiologie
  • farma
  • farmacie
  • orgaanfysiologie en pathofysiologie
  • ua

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  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
  • Farmaceutische Wetenschappen
  • Orgaanfysiologie En Pathofysiologie 1
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Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding geschiedenis ............................................................................................................................ 4

1.1 Dit hoofdstuk moet je niet kennen voor examen! ...................................................................................................... 4

Hoofdstuk 2: Semiologie v/h neurologisch onderzoek ................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Leerdoelen ................................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Waar is het letsel gelegen? ........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.3 Onderzoek v/d motoriek ............................................................................................................................................ 9
2.4 Onderzoek v/d sensibiliteit....................................................................................................................................... 11

2.5 Coördiantie en andere ............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.6 Hoofdzenuwen ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.7 Oogbewegingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.8 Nervus trigeminus .................................................................................................................................................... 16

2.9 Lokalisatie bij gedragsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 17

Hoofdstuk 3: Vasculaire (cerebrovasculaire) aandoening........................................................................................... 20

3.1 Herseninfarct ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2 Pathofysiologie van beroerte ................................................................................................................................... 23
3.3 Herseninfarct: risicofactoren ................................................................................................................................... 25
3.4 Herseninfarct ........................................................................................................................................................... 26

3.5 TIA: Transiet ischemic attack ................................................................................................................................... 29
3.6 Intracerebrale bloedingen........................................................................................................................................ 29

3.7 Subarachnoïdale bloeding (gevolg v/h barsten van een aneurysmata)................................................................... 30
3.8 Voorbeeldvragen...................................................................................................................................................... 32

Hoofdstuk 4 (deel 1): Bewegingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................. 34
4.1 Hypokinetische bewegingsstoornissen: Ziekte van Parkinson ................................................................................. 34

4.2 Hypokinetische bewegingsstoornissen - Hypokinetisch-rigide syndromen = Parkinsonisme ................................... 36
4.3 Hypokinetische bewegingsstoornissen - Multipele systeematrofie (MSA)............................................................... 37
4.4 Ziekte van Wilson ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
4.5 Hyperkinetische bewegingsstoornissen – Chorea van Huntington .......................................................................... 37
4.6 Hyperkinetische bewegingsstoornissen – Tremor .................................................................................................... 39
4.7 Dystonieën ........................................................................................................................................................ 40

4.8 Tics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 40

Hoofdstuk 4 (deel 2): Dementie ................................................................................................................................. 42
5.1 Epidemiologie .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
5.2 Definitie.................................................................................................................................................................... 42
1

, 5.3 Diagnose stellen ....................................................................................................................................................... 43

5.4 Delier ........................................................................................................................................................................ 43
5.5 Ziekte van Alzheimer ................................................................................................................................................ 44
5.6 Frontotemporale dementie ...................................................................................................................................... 47
5.7 Diffuse-Lewy-lichaampjesziekte / Diffuse Lewy Body Disease (DLBD) ..................................................................... 48

5.8 Vasculaire dementie ................................................................................................................................................ 48
5.9 Ziekte van Creutzfeldt-Jakob .................................................................................................................................... 49

Hoofdstuk 5 (deel 1): Neuromusculaire aandoeningen, MS ....................................................................................... 51
5.1 Neuromusculaire ziekten ......................................................................................................................................... 52

5.2 Symptomen .............................................................................................................................................................. 52
5.3 Erfelijkheid: X-gebonden ......................................................................................................................................... 53

5.4 FSH dystrofie ............................................................................................................................................................ 55

Hoofdstuk 5 (deel 2): Multiple Sclerose ..................................................................................................................... 58
5.1 Belangrijkste kenmerken ......................................................................................................................................... 58
5.2 Epidemiologie .......................................................................................................................................................... 59

5.3 Ziekteverloop ........................................................................................................................................................... 59
5.4 Prognose .................................................................................................................................................................. 60
5.5 Typische (begin) symptomen (RR) ............................................................................................................................ 60

5.6 Aanvullende onderzoeken ........................................................................................................................................ 60
5.7 Opflakkering (aanval, relaps, opstoot) .................................................................................................................... 61

5.8 Behandeling van MS ................................................................................................................................................ 61
5.9 Symptomatische behandeling .................................................................................................................................. 61

Hoofdstuk 6 (deel 1): Epilepsie .................................................................................................................................. 63
6.1 Syncope .................................................................................................................................................................... 63
6.2 Epilepsie ................................................................................................................................................................... 63
6.3 Oorzaken van epilepsie ............................................................................................................................................ 64

6.4 Algemene pathofysiologie ....................................................................................................................................... 65
6.5 Epilepsie: Electro-Encefalogram (EEG) ..................................................................................................................... 66
6.6 Aanvalstypen ........................................................................................................................................................... 67
6.7 Epilepsie-syndromen ................................................................................................................................................ 67
6.8 Epilepsie vs. Pseudo-epilepsie .................................................................................................................................. 68
6.9 Epilepsie: Chirurgische behandeling ........................................................................................................................ 69

Hoofdstuk 6 (deel 2): Tumoren/ Neuro-oncologie ..................................................................................................... 71
6.1 Terminologie ............................................................................................................................................................ 71
6.2 Hersentumoren ........................................................................................................................................................ 72
2

, 6.3 Tumoren ................................................................................................................................................................... 72

6.4 Intracraniële intra-axiale tumoren ........................................................................................................................... 73
6.5 Intracraniële extra-axiale tumoren .......................................................................................................................... 76
6.6 Acusticusneurinoom................................................................................................................................................. 78
6.7 Metastasen .............................................................................................................................................................. 78

6.8 Paraneoplastische syndromen ................................................................................................................................. 79

Hoofdstuk 7 (deel 1): Hoofdpijn ................................................................................................................................ 80
7.1 Migraine................................................................................................................................................................... 80
7.2 Pijn in het gelaat ...................................................................................................................................................... 81

7.3 Spanningshoofpdijn ................................................................................................................................................. 82
7.4 Cluster hoofdpijn en andere kortdurende hoofdpijn ................................................................................................ 82

7.5 Medicatie geïnduceerde hoofdpijn .......................................................................................................................... 83
7.6 Acute hoofdpijn ........................................................................................................................................................ 83
7.7 Subarachnoïdale bloeding ....................................................................................................................................... 83




3

, Neurologie

Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding geschiedenis
1.1 Dit hoofdstuk moet je niet kennen voor examen!

Wat is de discipline neurologie?
• Aandoeningen v/d hersenen, de zenuwen, het ruggenmerg en de spieren van de mens.
• Hoofdpijn, krachtsverlies van een ledemaat, dubbelzien of een loopstoornis zijn voorbeelden van
klachten waarmee mensen met een neurologische aandoening komen.
• Met het lichamelijke onderzoek kan de neuroloog de meeste functies van de hersenen en de
zenuwen testen.
• Tijdens het uitvoeren van het lichamelijk onderzoek kan de neuroloog hulpinstrumenten gebruiken
zoals een stemvork of een reflexhamer.




à Apparaat om de electroencephalography op te nemen

Geschiedenis:
• Trepanaties in de oudheid
• Ziel lag eerder in hart en middenrif (er was een grote discussie over) – hersenen dienen voor
afkoeling
• Galenus (2e eeuw na Christus) hersenen een centrale rol bij gevoel en motoriek
• Thomas Willis, hoogleraar in de filosofie te Oxford, begint de hersenen in functionele gebieden te
verdelen
• 17e eeuw Descartes ‘epifyse’ zetel v/d ziel




à Galenus (2de eeuw NC) varken - sectio n laryngeus recurrens

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564):
• ‘De humani corporis fabrica’
• Mooie tekeningen gemaakt v/d hersenen

Geschiedenis:
• 19e eeuw motorische en sensorische zenuwen (Bell, Magendie)
o Sensibele functies in het dorsale deel v/h ruggenmerg motorische functies vanuit het
ventrale deel
• Lokaliseren van specifieke functies door de Oostenrijker Gall aan het einde v/d 18e eeuw
psychologische functies, karakter en temperament – lichamelijke kenmerken/schedel onderbouwd
door zeer selectieve waarnemingen bij patiënten met hersenletsel waardoor weerstand tegen de
‘frenologie’

4

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