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Summary A level Biology Ecology Notes
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Notes on chapter 11 ecology from the CIE spec of Biology. Applicable for CIE spec
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C2 BIOMOLUCLES -CIE 9700
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Handwritten and Digital Notes Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology Students Coursebook
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Handwritten and Digital Notes Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology Students Coursebook
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🌿Ecology
Class CMK
Created @April 15, 2020 10:17 PM
Materials
Reviewed
Type Main
Learning Objectives
Must Know Content
Explain the importance of biodiversity in terms of ecosystems, habitats and
species (1)
Learn techniques for assessing the occurrence, abundance and distribution of
species(2)
Use statistical methods to analyse the relationships between the distribution
and abundance of species and abiotic or biotic factors (3)
Calculate an index of diversity and use it to compare biodiversity across areas
(4)
Describe and explain how species are classified (5)
Outline the characteristic features of the three domains (6)
Outline the characteristics of the four kingdoms of eukaryotic organisms (7)
Ecology 1
, Discuss the threats to biodiversity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (8)
Discuss the reasons we need to maintain biodiversity (9)
Discuss some of the methods used to protect endangered species including the
control of invasive or alien species (10)
Discuss the roles of non-governmental organisations in local and global
conservation (11)
Table of Contents
Learning Objectives
Definitions
Ecosystems (1)
Biodiversity (4)
Why is biodiversity good?
Genetic Diversity
How is diversity assessed? (2)
Sampling (3)
Random sampling using quadrats
Simpsons index of Diversity (4)
Systematic Sampling
Estimating numbers of mobile animals
Classification (5/6/7)
Defenitions
Heirarchy
Characteristics
3 Domains
5 Kingdoms
Threats to Biodiversity (8/9/10)
How can we protect endangered species
Conservation methods
Definitions
Define species
A group of organisms with similar morphology and physiology which can breed
together to produce fertile offspring and which is reproductively isolated from other
Ecology 2
, species.
Define Habitat
The place where an organism, population or community lives.
Define Population
All of the organisms of the same species present in the same place at the same
time, that can breed w/o one another
Define Community
All of the living organisms of all species in a particular ecosystem
Define Ecosystem
All the living organisms of all species (the biotic component) an all the non-living
(the abiotic component) that are found together in a defined area and that interact
with one another
Define Niche
The role of an organism in an ecosystem
Define Biotic Factors
The living, or once living, components of an ecosystem. (i.e) the relationships
between organisms
Give three examples
Biotic factors include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists.
Mutualism
Parasitism
Define Abiotic Factors
The non-living factors that affect living organisms, and so affect communities
Give 5 examples
Water
Soil pH
Temperature
Ecology 3
, Wind
Light Intensity
Mineral Ion concentration
Humidity
Ecosystems (1)
What is an ecosystem?
A relatively self-contained, interacting community of organisms, and the
environment in which they live and with which they interact.
It included the habitats and all the organisms, even dead leaf litter, soil, water and the
physical and chemical factors that affect organisms.
What is a habitat?
A habitat describes the place where a species lives within an ecosystem
An organisms role in the ecosystem - how they 'fit in' is their niche
How an organism obtains energy, how it interacts with both its physical environment and
with other species all come under its niche
Biodiversity (4)
Biodiversity
Define Biodiversity
The degree of variation of life forms in an ecosystem
Biodiversity is taken to include diversity at three levels
The variation in ecosystems or habitats
Ecology 4
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