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Summary 3.4 Problem 1
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Summary for course 3.4 problem 1 depression
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By: pandreea85 • 2 year ago
By: koen3 • 2 year ago
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PROBLEM 11.1 LEARNING GOALS
What is depression?
What are the symptoms (DSM-5)?
How can depression be distinguished from a general temporary low mood?
What are the different trajectories of the development of depression?
What is the prevalence and demographics?
What is the difference between depression and other general mood disorders?
WHO GLOBAL HEALTH ESTIMATES
- common mental disorders are: depressive disorders and anxiety disorders (are
usually comorbid)
- depression is the largest contributor to global disability and suicide deaths
- risk of depression is increased by poverty, unemployment, major life events, physical
illness and problems of drug/alcohol abuse
- depressive disorders:
o characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low
self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, tiredness, poor concentration for at
least 2 weeks
o impairs person’s ability to cope with daily life, can be long lasting or recurrent
o distinct from feelings of sadness, stress or fear anyone can experience
o 2 main sub categories:
major depressive disorder / depressive episode: mild, moderate or
severe episode
dysthymia: persistent or chronic form of mild depression, less intense
than depressive episodes and lasts longer (at least 3 symptoms for at
least for 2 years in adults and 1 year in adolescents and children)
o also important: depression in people with or without manic episodes (bipolar)
Prevalence:
- over 300 million people suffer from depression (2015), around 4.4% of the
population half of these people live in the South-East Asia region and Western
Pacific Region (India and China!)
o anxiety is 3.6% of the global population in comparison
- people living with depression increased 18.4% between 2005-2015
- depression is more common among females (5.1%) than males (3.6%)
- prevalence peaks in older adulthood (above 7.5% among females and above 5.5%
among males aged 55-74)
- also occurs in children and adolescents but at lower levels
- health loss: depressive disorders lead to 50 million Years Lived with Disability (YLD)
globally, 80% of it occurs in low- and middle-income countries
- suicide: accounted for 1.5% of all deaths, more than 700.000 people in 2015, male
suicide rates are higher than females, 78% of suicides occur in low- to middle-
income countries
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